McLeod B C, Price T H, Owen H, Ciavarella D, Sniecinski I, Randels M J, Smith J W
Blood Center, Rush Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Transfusion. 1998 Oct;38(10):938-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.381098440858.x.
Apheresis donation is considered safe, but the incidence of adverse effects has not been determined in a large multicenter series of donations with modern instruments.
The Hemapheresis Committee of the American Association of Blood Banks devised a uniform questionnaire that asked about 32 specific adverse effects. Transient paresthesia and mild vasovagal events were excluded. A survey was conducted in 1995; 17 centers returned 19,611 responses concerning 250 to 2,000 consecutive apheresis donations per center.
Six hundred adverse effects were reported in 428 donations (2.18% of donations). Pain or hematoma at a venipuncture site was the most common response (1.15% of donations); only 203 donations had other (nonvenipuncture) adverse effects (1.04%). Total and nonvenipuncture rates were, respectively, 4.84 and 2.92 percent for 2,295 first donations and 1.78 and 0.77 percent for 17,303 repeat donations (p < 0.001). Rates of nonvenipuncture symptoms in first and repeat donations were, respectively, citrate-induced nausea and/or vomiting, 0.87 and 0.27 percent; tetany, 0.09 and 0.04 percent; pallor and/or diaphoresis, 1.87 and 0.32 percent; vasovagal nausea and/or vomiting, 0.87 and 0.13 percent; syncope and/or seizure, 0.39 and 0.04 percent; and chills and/or rigors, 0.31 and 0.01 percent. The overall rate of donor unconsciousness was 0.08 percent. Hemolysis was reported twice. Clotting or leakage occurred in 0.08 percent of donations, and inability to return blood occurred in 0.16 percent. No life-threatening adverse effects were reported. Procedure-specific nonvenipuncture rates were 1.05 percent of 17,584 platelet donations, 0.67 percent of 594 white cell donations, and 0.37 percent of 1,354 plasma donations. Center-specific rates varied from 0.32 to 6.81 percent of donations for total adverse effects and from 0.11 to 2.92 percent of donations for nonvenipuncture events.
Apheresis donation is a safe undertaking, suitable for voluntary blood donors, with a very low risk of serious adverse effects. The risk of unconsciousness is lower than that found in many studies of whole-blood donation.
单采献血被认为是安全的，但在使用现代仪器进行的大量多中心系列献血中，不良反应的发生率尚未确定。
美国血库协会血液单采委员会设计了一份统一问卷，询问32种特定的不良反应。排除短暂性感觉异常和轻度血管迷走神经事件。1995年进行了一项调查；17个中心返回了19611份回复，涉及每个中心250至2000次连续单采献血。
在428次献血中报告了600例不良反应（占献血的2.18%）。静脉穿刺部位疼痛或血肿是最常见的反应（占献血的1.15%）；只有203次献血有其他（非静脉穿刺）不良反应（占1.04%）。2295次首次献血的总发生率和非静脉穿刺发生率分别为4.84%和2.92%，17303次重复献血的发生率分别为1.78%和0.77%（p<0.001）。首次和重复献血中非静脉穿刺症状的发生率分别为：枸橼酸盐诱导的恶心和/或呕吐，0.87%和0.27%；手足搐搦，0.09%和0.04%；面色苍白和/或出汗，1.87%和0.32%；血管迷走性恶心和/或呕吐，0.87%和0.13%；晕厥和/或癫痫发作，0.39%和0.04%；寒战和/或发抖，0.31%和0.01%。献血者意识丧失的总体发生率为0.08%。报告了2次溶血。0.08%的献血发生凝血或渗漏，0.16%的献血出现回血困难。未报告危及生命的不良反应。特定程序的非静脉穿刺发生率在17584次血小板献血中为1.05%，在594次白细胞献血中为0.67%，在1354次血浆献血中为0.37%。各中心的总不良反应发生率从0.32%至6.81%不等，非静脉穿刺事件的发生率从0.11%至2.92%不等。
单采献血是一项安全的活动，适合自愿献血者，严重不良反应的风险非常低。意识丧失的风险低于许多全血献血研究中的发现。
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