Bowen S E, Balster R L
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0310, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Nov;61(3):271-80. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00108-7.
Very little is known qualitatively or quantitatively about the acute central nervous system effects of isoparaffin solvents that are widely used in household and commercial applications. Four isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent products differing in predominant carbon number and volatility (ISOPAR-C, -E -G, -H) were tested for their acute effects on locomotor activity and operant performance after inhalation exposure in mice. For both measures, concentration-effect curves were obtained for 30-min exposures using a within-subject design. The more volatile products, ISOPAR-C and -E, were as easily vaporized under our conditions as vapors such as toluene and TCE, which have acute effects on human behavior and are abused. ISOPAR-G was slowly volatilized and ISOPAR-H could not be completely volatilized within our 30-min exposures, suggesting that acute human exposures may be less likely and that it may be more difficult to abuse them. ISOPAR-C, -E, and -G produced reversible increases in locomotor activity of mice at 4000 and 6000 ppm while ISOPAR-C and -E produced reversible concentration-dependent decreases in rates of schedule-controlled operant behavior in approximately the same concentration range as they affected locomotor activity. The fact that only locomotor activity increases were observed with these isoparaffins provides evidence that they produce a different pattern of effects than those reported for abused solvents such as toluene and TCE. Further research will be needed to determine if this different pattern of effects on animal behavior between isoparaffins and abused solvents is correlated with a different pattern of acute intoxication and abuse potential in humans.
对于广泛应用于家庭和商业用途的异链烷烃溶剂对急性中枢神经系统的影响，在定性或定量方面所知甚少。对四种主要碳数和挥发性不同的异链烷烃碳氢化合物溶剂产品（ISOPAR-C、-E、-G、-H）进行了测试，观察其在小鼠吸入暴露后对运动活性和操作性行为的急性影响。对于这两种测量指标，采用受试者内设计，获得了30分钟暴露的浓度-效应曲线。挥发性较高的产品ISOPAR-C和-E，在我们的实验条件下，其汽化程度与甲苯和三氯乙烯等蒸汽一样容易，而甲苯和三氯乙烯对人类行为有急性影响且存在滥用情况。ISOPAR-G挥发缓慢，ISOPAR-H在我们30分钟的暴露时间内无法完全挥发，这表明人类急性接触的可能性较小，且更难以滥用。ISOPAR-C、-E和-G在4000和6000 ppm时可使小鼠的运动活性出现可逆性增加，而ISOPAR-C和-E在与影响运动活性大致相同的浓度范围内，可使定时控制的操作性行为速率出现可逆性浓度依赖性降低。这些异链烷烃仅观察到运动活性增加这一事实表明，它们产生的效应模式与甲苯和三氯乙烯等滥用溶剂所报道的不同。需要进一步研究来确定异链烷烃和滥用溶剂对动物行为的这种不同效应模式是否与人类急性中毒和滥用潜力的不同模式相关。
