Costa P T, Fozard J L, McCrae R R, Bosśe R
J Gerontol. 1976 Nov;31(6):663-9. doi: 10.1093/geronj/31.6.663.
The relation between three cognitive ability factors - Information Processing Ability (IPA), Manual Dexterity (MD), and Pattern Analysis Capability (PAC) - and three personality dimensions - Anxiety, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience - were examined in three age groups. Subjects were 969 male volunteers ranging in age from 25 to 82. Subjects high in anixety scored lower on all three cognitive factors; subjects open to experience scored higher on IPA and PAC; and introverted subjects scored higher on PAC. Most of these effects remained when the education and socio-economic status were held constant in covariance analyses. Older subjects performed less well than younger ones on MD and PAC, but not on IPA. While personality has some influence on cognitive performance, the declines with age in performance on some cognitive tasks are not mediated by personality.
在三个年龄组中研究了三种认知能力因素——信息处理能力（IPA）、手巧程度（MD）和模式分析能力（PAC）——与三种人格维度——焦虑、外向性和经验开放性——之间的关系。研究对象为969名年龄在25岁至82岁之间的男性志愿者。焦虑程度高的受试者在所有三种认知因素上得分较低；经验开放性高的受试者在IPA和PAC上得分较高；内向的受试者在PAC上得分较高。在协方差分析中，当教育程度和社会经济地位保持不变时，这些影响大多仍然存在。年长受试者在MD和PAC上的表现不如年轻受试者，但在IPA上并非如此。虽然人格对认知表现有一定影响，但某些认知任务的表现随年龄下降并非由人格介导。
