Rippe J M, Hess S
Center for Clinical and Lifestyle Research, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Oct;98(10 Suppl 2):S31-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00708-1.
The United States is facing 2 major lifestyle-related epidemics that are intricately linked: an epidemic of obesity and an epidemic of inactivity. Multiple interactions exist between lack of physical activity and obesity. Increased physical activity lowers the risk of obesity, may favorably influence distribution of body weight, and confers a variety of health-related benefits even in the absence of weight loss. Physical activity is important for achieving proper energy balance, which is needed to prevent or reverse obesity. Not only is energy expended during physical activity, physical activity also has a positive effect on resting metabolic rate. Regular physical activity can improve body composition. Properly designed programs of physical activity may preserve or even increase lean muscle mass during weight loss. Physical activity has also been strongly associated with maintenance of weight loss. Physical activity that expends 1,500 to 2,000 kcal/week appears necessary to maintain weight loss. Numerous studies have shown that the combination of proper nutrition and regular physical activity is the most effective intervention for weight loss and maintenance of weight loss. Walking is the most convenient and logical way most obese persons can increase their physical activity. Physical activity plays multiple roles in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Dietitians and other health care workers who treat obese patients should understand the role physical activity plays in comprehensive obesity treatment as well as how to incorporate a physical activity prescription in treatment plans for obese clients.
肥胖症流行和身体活动不足流行。身体活动不足与肥胖之间存在多种相互作用。增加身体活动可降低肥胖风险，可能对体重分布产生有利影响，并且即使在未减重的情况下也能带来各种与健康相关的益处。身体活动对于实现适当的能量平衡很重要，而这是预防或逆转肥胖所必需的。不仅身体活动时会消耗能量，它对静息代谢率也有积极影响。规律的身体活动可改善身体成分。精心设计的身体活动计划在减重过程中可能会保留甚至增加瘦肌肉量。身体活动还与维持体重减轻密切相关。每周消耗1500至2000千卡热量的身体活动似乎是维持体重减轻所必需的。众多研究表明，适当营养与规律身体活动相结合是减重和维持体重减轻最有效的干预措施。步行是大多数肥胖者增加身体活动最方便且合理的方式。身体活动在肥胖的预防和治疗中发挥着多种作用。治疗肥胖患者的营养师和其他医护人员应了解身体活动在综合肥胖治疗中的作用，以及如何将身体活动处方纳入肥胖患者的治疗计划中。
