Woods C L, Williams D E
J Speech Hear Res. 1976 Jun;19(2):267-78. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1902.267.
To determine if a stereotype of the "typical stutterer" exists and to identify possible differences in that sterotype due to exposure to stuttering, seven groups of subjects having a wide range of possible exposure to stutterers rated four hypothetical concepts (typical eight-year-old male, typical eight-year-old male stutterer, typical adult male, and typical adult male stutterer) on 25 scales arranged in a semantic differential format. These bipolar scales were derived from words previously judged by speech clinicians as descriptive of stutterers and antonyms of those words. It was concluded that a strong stereotype of a stutterer's personal characteristics exists, that the stereotype is predominantly unfavorable, that the stereotype is essentially unaffected by amount of exposure to actual stutterers, and that the traits attributed to boys and men who stutter are similar. Some implications of the study are discussed.
为了确定“典型口吃者”的刻板印象是否存在，并识别由于接触口吃而在该刻板印象中可能存在的差异，七组有广泛接触口吃者可能性的受试者，对四个假设概念（典型的八岁男性、典型的八岁男性口吃者、典型的成年男性、典型的成年男性口吃者）在以语义差异形式排列的25个量表上进行了评分。这些两极量表源自言语临床医生先前判定为描述口吃者的词语及其反义词。研究得出的结论是，存在对口吃者个人特征的强烈刻板印象，该刻板印象主要是负面的，该刻板印象基本上不受实际接触口吃者数量的影响，并且赋予口吃男孩和男性的特征相似。文中讨论了该研究的一些启示。
