Köster K, Karbe E, Kramer H, Heide H, König R
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1976 Jul 23;341(2):77-86. doi: 10.1007/BF01262779.
Compact cylindrical implants (5 x 15.5 mm) of seven calcium phosphate ceramics of different formulations that had been implanted for 6 weeks without fixation in the tibia of dogs were examined histologically. The tissue compatibility of the implant turned out to be dependent on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the material: the ceramic material was biocompatible at a CaO/P2O5 ratio between 2:1 and 4:1, the optimum ratio being about 3:1 (tricalcium phosphate). In addition, cylindrical tetracalcium phosphate implatns with an entirely porous structure were implanted in the same manner. After 6 months, they were resorbed to a minor extent. Implants of different calcium phosphate mixtures, on the other hand, were resorbed to a large extend after the same time. The ceramic material was replaced by mineralised bone tissue which had formed directly on the ceramic implant as well as within the pores. There were no foreign body reactions. Investigations with segment-shaped implants which were implanted in the tibia of dogs and fixed with AO-plates or splints extra-cutaneously for about 8-10 weeks, provided information abouth the maximum stress that can be borne by the implants. While implants with a porosity of 75 percent did not sustain the stress after the fixation had been removed, those with a porosity of 45 percent could be subjected to physiological stress after removal of the splints.
对七种不同配方的磷酸钙陶瓷制成的紧密圆柱形植入物（5×15.5毫米）进行了组织学检查，这些植入物在未固定的情况下植入狗的胫骨中6周。结果表明，植入物的组织相容性取决于材料的矿物学和化学成分：当CaO/P2O5比例在2:1至4:1之间时，陶瓷材料具有生物相容性，最佳比例约为3:1（磷酸三钙）。此外，以同样的方式植入了具有完全多孔结构的圆柱形磷酸四钙植入物。6个月后，它们仅有少量被吸收。另一方面，不同磷酸钙混合物的植入物在相同时间后被大量吸收。陶瓷材料被直接在陶瓷植入物上以及孔隙内形成的矿化骨组织所取代。没有异物反应。对分段形植入物进行的研究，这些植入物植入狗的胫骨并用AO钢板或夹板经皮外固定约8至10周，提供了关于植入物能够承受的最大应力的信息。当孔隙率为75%的植入物在去除固定后无法承受应力时，孔隙率为45%的植入物在去除夹板后能够承受生理应力。
