Köster K, Heide H, König R
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1977 Feb 12;343(3):173-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01267989.
Cylindrical implants with 45% by volume continuous open tubular pores were prepared from ceramic materials based on tricalcium and tetracalcium phosphate and used to replace 7 mm thick bone segments in the tibiae of dogs. The treated limbs of the experimental animals were fixed for 12 weeks, after which time the dogs were allowed to move freely so that the limbs were physiologically loaded. The histological examination showed that primary bone healing had taken place between the bone and the ceramic material. After 10 months the tricalcium-phosphate-based ceramic material was resorbed and replaced by bone tissue to a large extent. The ceramic material on the bases of tetracalcium phosphate on the other hand, had remained completely unchanged, and its pores were filled with lamellar bone tissue which was in direct contact with the implant without connective tissue. The bond between natural bone and implant was mechanically stable. The ceramic materials investigated were found to be tissue-compatible, and in our opinion they can be substituted for part of the bone transplants used today. Considering its varying strength properties, the tricalcium phosphate ceramic material can be used only in cases where no high stress is expected; the tetracalciumphosphate-based ceramic material, however, has a higher mechanical strength and can therefore be used also for larger permanent implants which have to bear high mechanical stress.
用基于磷酸三钙和磷酸四钙的陶瓷材料制备了具有45%体积分数连续开放管状孔隙的圆柱形植入物，并用于替代犬胫骨中7毫米厚的骨段。对实验动物的治疗肢体固定12周，之后让犬自由活动，使肢体接受生理负荷。组织学检查表明，在骨与陶瓷材料之间发生了一期骨愈合。10个月后，基于磷酸三钙的陶瓷材料被大量吸收并被骨组织替代。另一方面，基于磷酸四钙的陶瓷材料则完全没有变化，其孔隙中充满了与植入物直接接触且无结缔组织的板层骨组织。天然骨与植入物之间的结合在力学上是稳定的。所研究的陶瓷材料被发现具有组织相容性，并且我们认为它们可以替代当今使用的部分骨移植材料。考虑到其强度特性的差异，磷酸三钙陶瓷材料仅可用于预期无高应力的情况；然而，基于磷酸四钙的陶瓷材料具有更高的机械强度，因此也可用于必须承受高机械应力的较大永久性植入物。
