Sichert-Hellert W, Kersting M, Schöch G
Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung (FKE), Dortmund.
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1998 Sep;37(3):242-51. doi: 10.1007/s003940050023.
It is generally accepted that self-reported food intakes underestimate habitual energy intake (underreporting). Underreporting is often addressed by computing the ratio of measured energy intake to predicted basal metabolic rate (EI:BMR). We used this ratio to study differences between not plausible records (NPR) and plausible records (PR) according to recalculated cut-off values for EI:BMR ratios (< 0.97 to 1.07; age- and sex-dependent) in cross-sectional data of 1,032 3d weighed diet records of 1 to 18 year old children and adolescents. Underreporting (in 5% of total subjects) was age and sex dependent: about 1% in the 1 to 5 year old children, 2% (3%) in the 6 to 13 year old males (females) and 12% (20%) in the adolescent males (females), respectively. To analyse differences between subgroups with PR vs. NPR we therefore concentrated on the 14 to 18 year olds. Male (female) subjects with NPR vs. PR had a 40% lower total EI: 7.4 MJ/d (5.3 MJ/d) vs. 11.5 MJ/d (8.0 MJ/d), respectively. In both sexes with NPR vs. PR, EI per meal was lower. Females with NPR vs. PR had a higher body mass index (kg:m2), recorded fewer meals per day, and had a shorter time span between the first and last meal per day. Furthermore, females with NPR vs. PR had higher intakes per MJ of water, protein, fiber, sodium, iron, niacin, zinc, and protein in percent of total EI, but a lower intake of added sugars per MJ. Males with NPR vs. PR answered significantly more often that they usually eat more, had a higher water intake per MJ, and a higher Ca:P. The observed differences between groups with PR and NPR indicate different food habits or dietary recording behavior. Therefore, validity in dietary studies cannot be achieved by simply excluding underreporters.
人们普遍认为，自我报告的食物摄入量会低估习惯性能量摄入量（报告不足）。报告不足的情况通常通过计算测量的能量摄入量与预测基础代谢率的比值（EI:BMR）来处理。我们利用这个比值，根据重新计算的EI:BMR比值的临界值（<0.97至1.07；取决于年龄和性别），在1032名1至18岁儿童和青少年的3天称重饮食记录的横断面数据中，研究不可信记录（NPR）和可信记录（PR）之间的差异。报告不足（占总受试者的5%）与年龄和性别有关：1至5岁儿童中约为1%，6至13岁男性（女性）中为2%（3%），青少年男性（女性）中分别为12%（20%）。因此，为了分析PR组与NPR组亚组之间的差异，我们重点关注14至18岁的人群。NPR组与PR组的男性（女性）受试者的总EI分别低40%：7.4 MJ/天（5.3 MJ/天）与11.5 MJ/天（8.0 MJ/天）。在NPR组与PR组的两性中，每餐的EI都较低。NPR组与PR组的女性体重指数（kg:m2）较高，每天记录的餐数较少，每天第一餐和最后一餐之间的时间跨度较短。此外，NPR组与PR组的女性每兆焦耳水、蛋白质、纤维、钠、铁、烟酸、锌的摄入量较高，蛋白质占总EI的百分比也较高，但每兆焦耳添加糖的摄入量较低。NPR组与PR组的男性更频繁地回答他们通常吃得更多，每兆焦耳的水摄入量较高，钙磷比也较高。PR组和NPR组之间观察到的差异表明饮食习惯或饮食记录行为不同。因此，在饮食研究中，不能仅仅通过排除报告不足者来实现有效性。
