Chatenoud L, Parazzini F, di Cintio E, Zanconato G, Benzi G, Bortolus R, La Vecchia C
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
Ann Epidemiol. 1998 Nov;8(8):520-6. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00017-9.
This study examined the association between maternal smoking before and during the first trimester of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.
We have been conducting a hospital-based case-control study on risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the greater Milan area. We collected information from 782 cases of spontaneous abortions and 1543 controls (women who delivered at term healthy infants).
With respect to never smokers, the odds ratio (OR) were 0.7 (95%, confidence interval (CI), 0.5-1.0) for women who quit smoking and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6) for those who continued during pregnancy. Women who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day in the first trimester were at increased risk of miscarriage, with an OR of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0-2.1). No relationship was evident between the number of cigarettes smoked before conception and the risk of abortion. Likewise, no association emerged between paternal smoking and miscarriage. Moreover, no significant interaction or modification effect was obtained when strata of age and other major characteristics were investigated.
The risk of abortion associated with cigarette smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy was measurable and noticeable in this population, and accounted for 9% (95% CI, 6-13%) of all cases. The increased risk of spontaneous abortion in women smoking during pregnancy is a further reason to encourage pregnant women to quit.
本研究调查了孕期前三个月及孕期吸烟与自然流产之间的关联。
我们在大米兰地区开展了一项基于医院的自然流产危险因素病例对照研究。我们收集了782例自然流产病例和1543名对照（足月分娩健康婴儿的女性）的信息。
与从不吸烟者相比，戒烟女性的比值比（OR）为0.7（95%置信区间（CI），0.5 - 1.0），孕期继续吸烟的女性的比值比为1.3（95%CI，1.0 - 1.6）。孕早期每天吸烟超过10支的女性流产风险增加，比值比为1.4（95%CI，1.0 - 2.1）。受孕前吸烟数量与流产风险之间无明显关系。同样，父亲吸烟与流产之间也无关联。此外，在按年龄和其他主要特征分层调查时，未获得显著的交互作用或修正效应。
在该人群中，孕早期吸烟与流产相关的风险是可测量且显著的，占所有病例的9%（95%CI，6 - 13%）。孕期吸烟女性自然流产风险增加是鼓励孕妇戒烟的又一理由。
