Wang S Y, Wang S F, Chi G B
Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 1997 Jun;18(3):134-7.
Information on road injury with analyses on the epidemiological features and determinants of fatality rate with prevention and control of road injury was presented in this paper. From 1951 to 1994, road injury and motor vehicle deaths had a continuous increase by 43 and 78 times respectively. Since 1987 about 250,000 cases, 5000 deaths and 15,000 trauma cases caused by road crashes year after year. The fatality rate increased by an average of 12.9% increase per year from 1984 to 1994 (from 2.43 to 5.56 per 100,000 pop). Zhejiang, Guangdong, Liaoning, Sichuan and Jiangsu occupied the first five places in 30 provinces, accounted for over 45% of total road injuries and one thirds of road fatalities. Both incidence and death rate were lowest in Beijing City and highest in Zhejiang Province. Three-quarters of the fatality on road injury were occurred on smooth and straight pavement in sunny days. Over 60% of the motor vehicle deaths were young males (age 20-50 yrs). Classified by occupation, majority of the victims were peasants (55%) and workers (19%). Two thirds of the road fatalities were pedestrians, bicycle riders and passengers. Human factors including driver's irresponsibility, non-licensing, bicycle rider and pedestrian carelessness, etc. were notified that accounted for over 90% of the causes for road injury. Primary causes from the drivers were rules and regulations violation, absent-mindedness, driving after drinking alcohol. The risk factors of road injuries were the increase of motor vehicles and traffic congestion. It is also necessary to improve the traffic safety knowledge among residents.
本文介绍了道路伤害的相关信息，包括对其流行病学特征、死亡率的决定因素以及道路伤害的预防和控制进行的分析。1951年至1994年，道路伤害和机动车死亡人数分别持续增长了43倍和78倍。自1987年以来，每年约有25万起道路交通事故、5000人死亡以及15000例创伤病例。1984年至1994年，死亡率平均每年增长12.9%（从每10万人2.43人增至5.56人）。在30个省份中，浙江、广东、辽宁、四川和江苏位列前五，占道路伤害总数的45%以上，道路死亡人数的三分之一。发病率和死亡率在北京最低，在浙江最高。四分之三的道路伤害死亡发生在晴天的平坦直道上。超过60%的机动车死亡者为年轻男性（20 - 50岁）。按职业分类，大多数受害者是农民（55%）和工人（19%）。三分之二的道路死亡者是行人、骑自行车的人和乘客。人为因素包括司机不负责任、无证驾驶、骑自行车的人和行人粗心大意等，这些因素占道路伤害原因的90%以上。司机的主要原因是违反规章制度、心不在焉、酒后驾车。道路伤害的风险因素是机动车数量增加和交通拥堵。提高居民的交通安全知识也很有必要。
