Turner C H
Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Bone. 1998 Nov;23(5):399-407. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00118-5.
The primary mechanical function of bones is to provide rigid levers for muscles to pull against, and to remain as light as possible to allow efficient locomotion. To accomplish this bones must adapt their shape and architecture to make efficient use of material. Bone adaptation during skeletal growth and development continuously adjusts skeletal mass and architecture to changing mechanical environments. There are three fundamental rules that govern bone adaptation: (1) It is driven by dynamic, rather than static, loading. (2) Only a short duration of mechanical loading is necessary to initiate an adaptive response. (3) Bone cells accommodate to a customary mechanical loading environment, making them less responsive to routine loading signals. From these rules, several mathematical equations can be derived that provide simple parametric models for bone adaptation.
骨骼的主要机械功能是为肌肉提供坚硬的杠杆以便牵拉，并尽可能保持轻盈以实现高效运动。为实现这一点，骨骼必须调整其形状和结构，以有效利用材料。骨骼在生长发育过程中的适应性变化会持续调整骨骼质量和结构，以适应不断变化的力学环境。有三条基本规则支配着骨骼的适应性变化：（1）它由动态而非静态载荷驱动。（2）只需短时间的机械载荷就能引发适应性反应。（3）骨细胞会适应习惯的机械载荷环境，从而对常规载荷信号的反应性降低。基于这些规则，可以推导出几个数学方程，为骨骼适应性变化提供简单的参数模型。
