McBride J S, Altman D G, Klein M, White W
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1063, USA.
Tob Control. 1998 Autumn;7(3):294-8. doi: 10.1136/tc.7.3.294.
To describe the health impact of harvesting tobacco and to suggest prevention and risk reduction strategies to avoid contracting green tobacco sickness (GTS).
A literature search of Medline, Toxline, and Toxline65 with the terms "green", "tobacco", and "sickness" covering the years 1966-1998.
All studies, reviews, and commentaries that provided information on the health effects of harvesting green tobacco and disease prevention strategies.
GTS occurs when tobacco workers hand-harvest, cut, or load tobacco plants, usually in the early morning or after a rainfall when tobacco plants are covered with moisture. GTS occurs through skin exposure to dissolved nicotine from tobacco leaves. Symptoms of GTS include weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal cramps, breathing difficulty, abnormal temperature, pallor, diarrhoea, chills, fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate, and increased perspiration and salivation. The onset of the illness is three to 17 hours after exposure and the duration of illness is one to three days. Initial treatment includes cessation of work, change of clothing, showering, fluid intake, and rest. In more extreme cases, intravenous rehydration, anti-emetics, and dimenhydrinate are administered. Protective, water-resistant clothing; chemical-resistant gloves, boots, and socks; working in dry conditions; and dimenhydrinate can reduce the likelihood of contracting GTS.
It is important to provide education to tobacco workers and employers about GTS. An international public awareness campaign about GTS timed to coincide with the tobacco harvest, along with enforced worker safety regulations, should be undertaken to protect the health of individuals working in tobacco production.
描述采收烟草对健康的影响，并提出预防和降低风险的策略以避免患上绿色烟草病（GTS）。
使用“绿色”“烟草”和“疾病”等关键词对1966年至1998年期间的医学索引数据库（Medline）、毒理学在线数据库（Toxline）和Toxline65进行文献检索。
所有提供有关采收绿色烟草的健康影响及疾病预防策略信息的研究、综述和评论。
绿色烟草病通常在烟草工人清晨或降雨后采收、切割或装载烟草植株时发生，此时烟草植株表面有水分。绿色烟草病是通过皮肤接触烟叶中溶解的尼古丁而引发的。绿色烟草病的症状包括虚弱、头痛、恶心、呕吐、头晕、腹部绞痛、呼吸困难、体温异常、面色苍白、腹泻、寒战、血压或心率波动以及出汗和唾液分泌增加。发病时间在接触后3至17小时，病程为1至3天。初始治疗包括停止工作、更换衣物、淋浴、补充液体和休息。在更严重的情况下，会进行静脉补液、使用止吐药和茶苯海明。防护性防水衣物、耐化学手套、靴子和袜子；在干燥条件下工作；以及使用茶苯海明可降低患上绿色烟草病的可能性。
向烟草工人和雇主开展有关绿色烟草病的教育很重要。应开展一场与烟草收获期同步的关于绿色烟草病的国际公众宣传活动，并加强工人安全法规，以保护从事烟草生产的个人的健康。
