Considerations for long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors.

The safety of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for long-term use is reviewed. PPIs are being used with increasing frequency to inhibit secretion of gastric acid in order to treat acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Some patients may require long-term acid suppressive treatment to control the symptoms of their disease, which raises questions about the long-term safety of PPIs. A thorough literature search was conducted, and the clinical consequences of sustained hypergastrinemia induced by all antisecretory therapy, the consequences of atrophic gastritis in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori, the effects of hypochlorhydria on bacterial overgrowth and nutrient absorption, and possible interactions of PPIs with other drugs were identified as areas of concern with long-term use of PPIs. Short- and long-term studies showed that PPIs have a wide safety margin and a favorable adverse-event profile with few drug interactions. Available data support the short- and long-term safety of PPIs.