Wilkes J G, Sutherland J B
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jeffersen, AR 72079, USA.
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Oct 9;717(1-2):135-56. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00664-6.
The chromatographic analysis of carboxyl-containing mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, and citrinin, presents a continual challenge. Toxins must first be extracted from foods or tissues and then cleaned up before chromatographic separation and detection. Liquid-liquid extraction efficiencies for some carboxylic mycotoxins are marginal for spiked samples and uncertain for incurred residues. Immunoaffinity columns may be useful for concentrating mycotoxins from samples before chromatography. In almost every case, more than one analytical method must be used to confirm the identification of the mycotoxin. The fumonisins are especially troublesome to analyze because they are relatively insoluble in organic solvents, they are not separated easily by gas chromatography, and they do not respond to the usual absorbance or fluorescence detectors used in liquid chromatography. Fluorescence derivatization and electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have now made it possible to detect trace levels of mycotoxins. The purity of mycotoxin standards for toxicological studies can be determined by liquid chromatography with either an evaporative light scattering detector or electrospray mass spectrometer. New developments in capillary electrophoresis, nonporous microsphere liquid chromatography, and detection methods for low-volatility compounds show promise for improving the analysis of mycotoxins in the future.
对含羧基霉菌毒素（如伏马菌素B1、赭曲霉毒素A和桔霉素）进行色谱分析一直是一项挑战。毒素首先必须从食品或组织中提取出来，然后在进行色谱分离和检测之前进行净化处理。对于一些羧酸类霉菌毒素，液液萃取法对加标样品的萃取效率有限，对实际残留的萃取效果也不确定。免疫亲和柱在色谱分析前用于从样品中富集霉菌毒素可能会很有用。几乎在每种情况下，都必须使用不止一种分析方法来确认霉菌毒素的鉴定。伏马菌素分析起来特别麻烦，因为它们相对不溶于有机溶剂，不易通过气相色谱分离，而且对液相色谱中常用的吸光度或荧光检测器没有响应。荧光衍生化和电喷雾液相色谱 - 质谱联用现在已能够检测痕量水平的霉菌毒素。用于毒理学研究的霉菌毒素标准品的纯度可以通过配备蒸发光散射检测器或电喷雾质谱仪的液相色谱法来测定。毛细管电泳、无孔微球液相色谱以及低挥发性化合物检测方法的新进展显示出在未来改善霉菌毒素分析的前景。
