Lloyd H M, Rogers P J
Institute of Food Research, Consumer Sciences Department, Reading, UK.
Behav Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;8(2-3):188-95.
Three drinks containing 0 g (no alcohol, NA), 8 g (low alcohol, LA) and 24 g (high alcohol, HA) of alcohol were formulated which were found to be indistinguishable from one another in sip-and-swallow triangle tests. In a second study, conducted according to a within-subjects design, 14 healthy human volunteers consumed these drinks as part of a small lunchtime meal, in counterbalanced order on 3 different days. They also completed a battery of cognitive tasks, together with mood ratings, before lunch and during the 4 h following lunch. Compared with NA, LA (approximately 0.12 g/kg) significantly increased hit rate on a difficult rapid information processing vigilance task. In contrast, HA (approximately 0.35 g/kg) tended to impair performance of this task. There were no reliable effects of alcohol on performance on less demanding tasks. The low dose of alcohol also improved mood (for example, it significantly reduced tension and uncertainty), suggesting that the improvement in task performance was mediated by the calming or sedative effects of the alcohol. Volunteers did detect alcohol in the HA, but not the LA drink, when they consumed the full drink, confirming the difficulty of disguising the administration of alcohol.
制备了三种分别含有0克（无酒精，NA）、8克（低酒精，LA）和24克（高酒精，HA）酒精的饮品，在啜饮和吞咽三角测试中发现它们彼此难以区分。在第二项根据受试者内设计进行的研究中，14名健康的人类志愿者将这些饮品作为午餐的一部分饮用，在3个不同的日子里以平衡的顺序饮用。他们还在午餐前以及午餐后的4小时内完成了一系列认知任务以及情绪评分。与NA相比，LA（约0.12克/千克）显著提高了一项困难的快速信息处理警觉任务的命中率。相比之下，HA（约0.35克/千克）往往会损害这项任务的表现。酒精对要求较低的任务的表现没有可靠影响。低剂量酒精还改善了情绪（例如，它显著降低了紧张感和不确定性），这表明任务表现的改善是由酒精的镇静作用介导的。当志愿者喝完整杯饮品时，他们确实能检测出HA中的酒精，但检测不出LA饮品中的酒精，这证实了掩盖酒精摄入的难度。
