Wieder J M, Moy R L
Division of Dermatology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
Dermatol Surg. 1998 Nov;24(11):1172-4.
Cosmetic denervation of hyperfunctional facial lines using botulinum toxin (Botox, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) has gained growing popularity over recent years. Understanding the clinical use and effects of botulinum toxin requires a thorough understanding of the muscular anatomy of the treatment areas.
The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy of the frown, forehead, and periocular regions. Function of individual muscles is discussed to understand proper injection technique.
The anatomy of the frown, forehead, and periocular regions is complex. Individual muscles are tightly intertwined and treatment of one anatomic region may affect many different muscles. A complete understanding of the anatomy of the upper face is essential to ensure proper injection technique, safe and predictable results as well as anticipating complications.
近年来，使用肉毒杆菌毒素（保妥适，艾尔建公司，加利福尼亚州欧文市）对面部功能亢进纹进行美容去神经支配越来越受欢迎。要了解肉毒杆菌毒素的临床应用和效果，需要全面了解治疗区域的肌肉解剖结构。
本文旨在综述皱眉肌、额肌和眼周区域的解剖结构。讨论了各肌肉的功能，以了解正确的注射技术。
皱眉肌、额肌和眼周区域的解剖结构复杂。各肌肉紧密交织，一个解剖区域的治疗可能会影响许多不同的肌肉。全面了解上半面部的解剖结构对于确保正确的注射技术、安全可预测的效果以及预测并发症至关重要。
