Loustau R J
Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat. 1976 Jun;22(2):121-32.
The author reviews Freud's postulations on proto-phantasies, and traces the evolution of several concepts related to them, in the aim of showing that there is a common purpose along the whole theoretical development: to uncover or to explain the innate archaic legacy, its role and its effects within the Psychic Apparatus of men. The first formulations of the idea of proto-phantasies in Freud's works are as early as his letters to Fliess and the Traumdeutung (1900), where it is stated the hope that the interpretation of dreams can lead to the discovery of innate elements received from ancestors. The idea is reformulated in further works, among which, "A Souvenir of Leonardo da Vinci Infant", "Totem and Tabu", and "Three Essays", "The Loss of Reality in Neuroses and Psychosis", "The History of a Child's Neurosis", Mass Psychology and Ego Analysis", "The Ego and the Id", "An Outline of Psychoanalysis", and "The Malaise in Culture". The author spots the successive developments, and proposes an order based on the everpresent assumption that man has an important legacy: the primal imagery bequeathed by the species, constituting the unconscious organized memories shared by all members of the human race. The final conclusions stress the importance of primal phantasies and the possibility that its study broadens the scope of psychoanalitic theoretical and clinical developments.
作者回顾了弗洛伊德关于原初幻想的假设，并追溯了与之相关的几个概念的演变，目的是表明在整个理论发展过程中存在一个共同的目标：揭示或解释先天的古老遗产、其在人类心理器官中的作用及其影响。弗洛伊德作品中最早出现原初幻想概念的表述，早在他写给弗利斯的信以及《梦的解析》（1900 年）中，其中提到希望通过对梦的解析能够发现从祖先那里继承的先天元素。这一概念在他的后续作品中得到了重新阐述，其中包括《列奥纳多·达·芬奇的童年回忆》《图腾与禁忌》《三篇论文》《神经症与精神病中的现实丧失》《儿童神经症的历史》《群体心理学与自我分析》《自我与本我》《精神分析纲要》以及《文明的缺憾》。作者指出了这些相继的发展，并基于一个始终存在的假设提出了一个顺序，即人类拥有一份重要的遗产：物种遗留下来的原初意象，构成了全人类共有的无意识的有组织记忆。最后的结论强调了原初幻想的重要性，以及对其进行研究可能拓宽精神分析理论和临床发展范围的可能性。
