Makkar H P, Becker K, Schmook B
Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1998;52(1):31-6. doi: 10.1023/a:1008054010079.
Seven seed samples of J. curcas, both in raw and roasted state, sold in some villages in Quintana Roo state, Mexico for human consumption were analyzed for physical characteristics, nutrients and antinutrients. The average seed weight varied from 0.53 to 0.74 g and kernel weight as proportion of raw seed weight was from 61 to 66%. The contents of crude protein, lipid and ash of kernels from raw seeds were 27-30%, 55-62% and 3.7-5.2% respectively. The levels of antinutrients in meal from the raw seeds were: trypsin inhibitor activity (14.6-28.7 mg trypsin inhibited/g), lectin (25.6-52.2 unit; one unit is the reverse of minimum amount of mg meal/ml assay which produced haemagglutination), saponins (1.9-2.3% as diosgenin equivalent) and phytate (8.4-10%). Phorbol esters in kernels from raw seeds were not detected in four samples and in other three samples it ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/g as phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate equivalent. Roasting of seeds inactivated almost 100% of trypsin inhibitor activity. Although lectin activity reduced on roasting, it was still present in high amounts. Saponins, phytate and phorbol esters were not affected by roasting.
对在墨西哥金塔纳罗奥州一些村庄出售的、供人食用的7份生熟两种状态的麻疯树种子样本进行了物理特性、营养成分和抗营养因子分析。种子平均重量在0.53至0.74克之间，果仁重量占生种子重量的比例为61%至66%。生种子果仁的粗蛋白、脂质和灰分含量分别为27 - 30%、55 - 62%和3.7 - 5.2%。生种子粕中的抗营养因子水平为：胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性（14.6 - 28.7毫克胰蛋白酶抑制/克）、凝集素（25.6 - 52.2单位；一个单位是产生血细胞凝集的每毫升测定中最低毫克粕量的倒数）、皂苷（1.9 - 2.3%，以薯蓣皂苷元当量计）和植酸盐（8.4 - 10%）。在4份样本中未检测到生种子果仁中的佛波酯，在其他3份样本中，其含量范围为0.01至0.02毫克/克，以佛波醇-12-肉豆蔻酸酯13-乙酸酯当量计。种子烘烤使几乎100%的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性失活。虽然烘烤后凝集素活性降低，但仍大量存在。皂苷、植酸盐和佛波酯不受烘烤影响。
