Chen W, Swalm R L
Department of Physical Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1998 Oct;87(2):395-403. doi: 10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.395.
This study examined the differences in the measures of perception of body shape and body affect among Chinese and American college male and female students. 289 Chinese students in China and 180 American students in the United States voluntarily completed the Body-image Questionnaire, comprised of four categories: (a) anthropometric data, (b) self-perception of body shape, (c) body affect, and (d) desired body shape. American students were significantly more likely than Chinese students to perceive their body shapes as being larger, but both Chinese and American students tended to perceive their body shapes accurately. For body affect, both Chinese and American female students who perceived themselves as thin had positive feelings about their bodies, while both groups of female students who perceived themselves as heavy had negative feelings about their bodies. American women were more likely than Chinese women to have negative feelings about their bodies. American students also placed high value on muscular firmness as part of their ideal female body shape, while Chinese students added plumpness as another component for judging ideal female body shape. Both Chinese and American men valued physical strength as a major component for body satisfaction.
本研究调查了中国和美国的男女大学生在身体形状认知和身体情感方面的差异。在中国的289名中国学生和在美国的180名美国学生自愿完成了身体意象问卷，该问卷包括四个类别：(a)人体测量数据，(b)身体形状的自我认知，(c)身体情感，以及(d)理想身体形状。美国学生比中国学生更有可能认为自己的身材更大，但中国和美国学生都倾向于准确地感知自己的身材。对于身体情感，认为自己瘦的中美两国女学生对自己的身体都有积极的感受，而认为自己胖的两组女学生对自己的身体都有消极的感受。美国女性比中国女性更有可能对自己的身体有消极的感受。美国学生也高度重视肌肉紧实度，将其作为理想女性身体形状的一部分，而中国学生则将丰满度作为判断理想女性身体形状的另一个要素。中美两国男性都将体力视为身体满意度的一个主要要素。
