Schacter D L, Buckner R L, Koutstaal W
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1998 Nov 29;353(1377):1861-78. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1998.0338.
Neuroimaging techniques that allow the assessment of memory performance in healthy human volunteers while simultaneously obtaining measurements of brain activity in vivo may offer new information on the neural correlates of particular forms of memory retrieval and their association with consciousness and intention. We consider evidence from studies with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicating that priming, a form of implicit retrieval, is associated with decreased activity in various cortical regions. We also consider evidence concerning the question of whether two components of explicit retrieval--intentional or effortful search and successful conscious recollection--are preferentially associated with increased activity in prefrontal and medial temporal regions, respectively. Last, we consider recent efforts to probe the relation between the phenomenological character of remembering and neural activity. In this instance we broaden our scope to include studies employing event-related potentials and consider evidence concerning the neural correlates of qualitatively different forms of memory, including memory that is specifically associated with a sense of self, and the recollection of particular temporal or perceptual features that might contribute to a rich and vivid experience of the past.
神经成像技术能够在评估健康人类志愿者记忆表现的同时，在活体状态下获取大脑活动的测量数据，这可能会为特定形式的记忆检索的神经关联及其与意识和意图的关系提供新信息。我们考察了正电子发射断层扫描和功能磁共振成像研究的证据，这些证据表明启动效应（一种内隐检索形式）与多个皮质区域的活动减少有关。我们还考察了有关外显检索的两个成分——有意或费力搜索以及成功的有意识回忆——是否分别优先与前额叶和内侧颞叶区域活动增加相关的问题的证据。最后，我们考察了最近为探究记忆的现象学特征与神经活动之间的关系所做的努力。在这种情况下，我们拓宽范围，将采用事件相关电位的研究包括在内，并考察有关性质不同的记忆形式的神经关联的证据，包括与自我感特别相关的记忆，以及可能有助于丰富生动的过去体验的特定时间或感知特征的回忆。
