Schacter D L, Buckner R L
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1998 Jul-Sep;70(1-2):284-303. doi: 10.1006/nlme.1998.3854.
Neurobiological distinctions among forms of memory have been investigated mainly from the perspective of lesion studies in nonhuman animals and experiments with human neurological patients. We consider recent neuroimaging studies of healthy human volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that provide new information concerning the neural correlates of particular forms of memory retrieval. More specifically, we consider evidence indicating that priming, a form of implicit retrieval, is associated with decreased activity in various cortical regions. We also consider evidence suggesting that two components of explicit retrieval-intentional or effortful search and successful conscious recollection-are preferentially associated with increased activity in prefrontal and medial temporal regions, respectively.
记忆形式之间的神经生物学差异主要是从对非人类动物的损伤研究以及对人类神经疾病患者的实验角度进行研究的。我们考虑了近期对健康人类志愿者进行的使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的神经影像学研究，这些研究提供了有关特定记忆检索形式的神经关联的新信息。更具体地说，我们考虑了表明启动（一种内隐检索形式）与各个皮质区域活动减少相关的证据。我们还考虑了表明外显检索的两个组成部分——有意或费力的搜索以及成功的有意识回忆——分别优先与前额叶和内侧颞叶区域活动增加相关的证据。
