Liu C T, Hilmas D E, Griffin M J, Pedersen C E, Hadick C L, Beisel W R
J Infect Dis. 1978 Jul;138(1):42-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/138.1.42.
Chair-restrained rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were inoculated subcutaneously with 10(2)--10(3) plaque-forming units of virulent Rickettsia rickettsii. The latent period for fever and rickettsemia was three to four days; death occurred six to eight days after infection. Total circulatory electrolyte levels and fluid volumes, including plasma, red blood cell, true circulatory blood, and extracellular fluid, increased. The expansion of the extracellular and plasma volumes resembled findings reported during severe Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Total water content of the liver also increased. Intracellular concentrations of K+, as well as total Na+ and K+, decreased in the diaphragm. Both the lung and medulla oblongata showed increased levels of intracellular Na+ and water with simultaneously decreased levels of extracellular Na+ and water. Such an intracellular overhydration of the medulla oblongata could contribute to death as a result of depression of the cardiovascular and respiratory centers. On the basis of the findings in monkeys, the intravenous infusion of fluids and electrolytes during clinical therapy of severe rickettsial infections should be considered extremely dangerous.
将恒河猴（猕猴）用椅子固定后，皮下接种10² - 10³个毒力立氏立克次体的空斑形成单位。发热和立克次体血症的潜伏期为三到四天；感染后六到八天死亡。包括血浆、红细胞、真正循环血液和细胞外液在内的总循环电解质水平和液体量增加。细胞外液和血浆量的增加类似于人类、豚鼠和兔子患严重落基山斑疹热时的报道结果。肝脏的总含水量也增加。膈肌内的钾离子细胞内浓度以及总钠离子和钾离子浓度降低。肺和延髓的细胞内钠离子和水分水平升高，同时细胞外钠离子和水分水平降低。延髓的这种细胞内水合过度可能由于心血管和呼吸中枢的抑制而导致死亡。根据猴子的研究结果，在严重立克次体感染的临床治疗期间静脉输注液体和电解质应被视为极其危险。
