Gilat I, Lobel T E, Gil T
Tel Aviv University, Gershon Gordon Faculty of Social Science, Department of Psychology, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
Am J Community Psychol. 1998 Oct;26(5):697-704. doi: 10.1023/a:1022146130836.
The current study presents results of a survey of 3,215 calls received at seven centers of telephone emergency services (TES) in Israel during the Gulf War, when citizens of Israel experienced severe stress resulting from SCUD missile attacks. Whereas former surveys have shown that characteristics of calls to TES in Israel are generally not affected by external stressogenic events, a remarkable change was recorded in both the quantity and quality of calls received in TES centers in Israel during the Gulf War. The relative frequencies of problem categories presented by callers during the Gulf War revealed a significant increase in "environmental pressures," a category that reflected the stressful situation of the war, as opposed to intra- or interpersonal problems typical of peacetime calls. A comparison between this group of "war calls" and a control group of "nonwar calls," revealed that the two groups represented populations of callers differing in sociodemographic characteristics, expectations, and benefits from the calls. Results are discussed in reference to the unique role of TES as a source of psychological first-aid in a community crisis situation.
本研究呈现了海湾战争期间，以色列七个电话急救服务（TES）中心接到的3215个电话的调查结果。当时，以色列公民因飞毛腿导弹袭击而承受了巨大压力。以往的调查显示，以色列拨打TES电话的特征通常不受外部应激事件的影响，但在海湾战争期间，以色列TES中心接到的电话数量和质量都发生了显著变化。海湾战争期间来电者提出的问题类别相对频率显示，“环境压力”显著增加，这一类别反映了战争的紧张局势，与和平时期来电中典型的个人内部或人际问题形成对比。将这组“战争来电”与一组“非战争来电”对照组进行比较后发现，两组来电者在社会人口特征、期望以及来电收益方面存在差异。文中结合TES在社区危机情况下作为心理急救来源的独特作用对研究结果进行了讨论。
