Chan J M, Stampfer M J, Giovannucci E L
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Semin Cancer Biol. 1998 Aug;8(4):263-73. doi: 10.1006/scbi.1998.0075.
In recent decades, prostate cancer has emerged as one of the most common diseases among older men, particularly in Western society. Several years ago, only age, race, and family history were known risk factors for this disease. However, today, much progress has been made towards discovering nutritional and hormonal risk factors for prostate cancer. Biomarkers, including testosterone and insulin-like growth factor, and nutritional factors, especially meat, fat, and dairy intake, have been linked to greater risk of disease. Higher consumption of selenium and vitamin E, fructose/fruits, and tomatoes all have been associated with reduced occurrence of prostate cancer, but as yet their efficacy for prevention remains unproven. The challenge of understanding the enigmas of this disease will continue into future decades, as we convert current knowledge into preventive and therapeutic recommendations.
近几十年来，前列腺癌已成为老年男性中最常见的疾病之一，尤其是在西方社会。几年前，已知的该疾病风险因素只有年龄、种族和家族病史。然而如今，在发现前列腺癌的营养和激素风险因素方面已取得了很大进展。生物标志物，包括睾酮和胰岛素样生长因子，以及营养因素，尤其是肉类、脂肪和奶制品的摄入量，都与更高的患病风险相关。更高的硒和维生素E、果糖/水果以及番茄摄入量都与前列腺癌发病率降低有关，但它们的预防功效尚未得到证实。在我们将现有知识转化为预防和治疗建议的过程中，理解这种疾病谜团的挑战在未来几十年仍将持续。
