Maillard J Y, Hann A C, Baubet V, Perrin R
Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Cardiff, UK.
J Appl Microbiol. 1998 Dec;85(6):925-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.tb05255.x.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 phage F116 was used to investigate the viricidal activity and the mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. The bacteriophage was inactivated with a low concentration (0.0005% available chlorine) of the biocide prepared in tap water but it was less sensitive to a sodium hypochlorite solution prepared in ultra-pure water (0.0075% available chlorine). For all the effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (i.e. producing at least 4 log reduction in phage titre), F116 was readily inactivated within 30 s. Electron microscopical investigations of the phage particles challenged with sodium hypochlorite showed a wide variety of deleterious effects, some of which have not been previously observed with other biocides. The wide range of structural alterations observed suggested that sodium hypochlorite has multiple target sites against F116 bacteriophage. A 30 s exposure to sodium hypochlorite (0.001% available chlorine) produced severe damage, the number and severity of which increased with a higher concentration (0.0075% available chlorine) and with a longer contact time. These observations suggested that sodium hypochlorite inactivated F116 bacteriophage by causing structural alterations to the phage head, tail and overall structure, hence possibly releasing the viral genome from damaged capsids in the surrounding media.
铜绿假单胞菌PAO1噬菌体F116被用于研究次氯酸钠的杀病毒活性及作用机制。该噬菌体在自来水中制备的低浓度（有效氯0.0005%）杀菌剂作用下失活，但对超纯水中制备的次氯酸钠溶液（有效氯0.0075%）不太敏感。对于所有有效浓度的次氯酸钠（即导致噬菌体滴度至少降低4个对数），F116在30秒内很容易失活。对受次氯酸钠攻击的噬菌体颗粒进行电子显微镜研究显示出多种有害影响，其中一些影响此前在其他杀菌剂作用下未曾观察到。观察到的广泛结构改变表明次氯酸钠对F116噬菌体有多个靶位点。暴露于次氯酸钠（有效氯0.001%）30秒会产生严重损伤，损伤的数量和严重程度随着浓度升高（有效氯0.0075%）和接触时间延长而增加。这些观察结果表明，次氯酸钠通过引起噬菌体头部、尾部和整体结构的改变使F116噬菌体失活，从而可能将病毒基因组从周围介质中受损的衣壳中释放出来。
