Daum G, Lees N D, Bard M, Dickson R
Institut für Biochemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität, Petersgasse, Graz, Austria.
Yeast. 1998 Dec;14(16):1471-510. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199812)14:16<1471::AID-YEA353>3.0.CO;2-Y.
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful experimental system to study biochemical, cell biological and molecular biological aspects of lipid synthesis. Most but not all genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid, phospholipid, sterol or sphingolipid biosynthesis of this unicellular eukaryote have been cloned, and many gene products have been functionally characterized. Less information is available about genes and gene products governing the transport of lipids between organelles and within membranes, turnover and degradation of complex lipids, regulation of lipid biosynthesis, and linkage of lipid metabolism to other cellular processes. Here we summarize current knowledge about lipid biosynthetic pathways in S. cerevisiae and describe the characteristic features of the gene products involved. We focus on recent discoveries in these fields and address questions on the regulation of lipid synthesis, subcellular localization of lipid biosynthetic steps, cross-talk between organelles during lipid synthesis and subcellular distribution of lipids. Finally, we discuss distinct functions of certain key lipids and their possible roles in cellular processes.
酿酒酵母是研究脂质合成的生物化学、细胞生物学和分子生物学方面的强大实验系统。这个单细胞真核生物中，大多数（但不是全部）编码参与脂肪酸、磷脂、固醇或鞘脂生物合成的酶的基因已被克隆，并且许多基因产物已得到功能表征。关于细胞器之间和膜内脂质运输、复杂脂质的周转和降解、脂质生物合成的调控以及脂质代谢与其他细胞过程的联系的基因和基因产物的信息较少。在这里，我们总结了关于酿酒酵母脂质生物合成途径的当前知识，并描述了所涉及基因产物的特征。我们关注这些领域的最新发现，并探讨脂质合成的调控、脂质生物合成步骤的亚细胞定位、脂质合成过程中细胞器之间的相互作用以及脂质的亚细胞分布等问题。最后，我们讨论某些关键脂质的独特功能及其在细胞过程中的可能作用。
