Fisher L, Blair R J
University College London, England.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998 Dec;26(6):511-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1022655919743.
This study investigated whether performance on the card playing task (Newman, Patterson, & Kosson, 1987) and the moral/conventional distinction measure predict level of childhood conduct problems as indexed by the Psychopathy Screening Device (Frick & Hare, in press). The card-playing task indexes the child's sensitivity to changes in reinforcement rate. The moral/conventional distinction measure indexes the child's sensitivity to the difference between moral transgressions which result in harm to another from conventional transgressions which more usually result in social disorder. The Psychopathy Screening Device indexes a behavioral syndrome that consists of two dimensions: affective disturbance and impulsive and conduct problems. Thirty-nine children with emotional and behavioral difficulties were presented with both measures. Performance on both measures did predict extent of behavioral disturbance. Moreover, there was a significant association between performance on the card playing tasks and the moral/conventional distinction. The results are interpreted within the response set modulation and violence inhibition mechanism models and by reference to recent work at the anatomical level.
本研究调查了在纸牌游戏任务（纽曼、帕特森和科森，1987年）以及道德/习俗区分测量中的表现，是否能预测以心理变态筛查工具（弗里克和黑尔，即将出版）为指标的儿童行为问题水平。纸牌游戏任务衡量的是儿童对强化率变化的敏感度。道德/习俗区分测量衡量的是儿童对道德违规（通常会对他人造成伤害）与习俗违规（通常会导致社会混乱）之间差异的敏感度。心理变态筛查工具衡量的是一种行为综合征，它由两个维度组成：情感障碍以及冲动和行为问题。研究对39名有情绪和行为问题的儿童进行了这两项测量。两项测量的表现确实都能预测行为障碍的程度。此外，纸牌游戏任务的表现与道德/习俗区分之间存在显著关联。研究结果在反应集调节和暴力抑制机制模型中进行了解释，并参考了解剖学层面的近期研究成果。
