Novins D K, Mitchell C M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA.
Addiction. 1998 Nov;93(11):1693-702. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.931116937.x.
To examine the characteristics of marijuana users among a large sample of American Indian high school students.
High school survey.
Seven predominantly American Indian high schools in four communities west of the Mississippi.
1464 Indian adolescents who: (1) completed a survey in November, 1993, (2) were in grades 9 to 12, (3) were members of one of four Indian tribal groups; and (4) had a complete set of data for these analyses.
Logistic regression models were developed to predict the probability of low-frequency (1-3 times over the last month) and high-frequency (11 or more times) marijuana use. Independent variables included measures of socio-demographics, stressful life events, personal characteristics and beliefs, psychiatric symptomatology and other substance use.
Forty per cent of these American Indian adolescents had used marijuana at least once in the last month. The prevalence of marijuana use varied across the four tribes. Males were no more likely than females to use marijuana at a low frequency, but were more likely to use at a high frequency. The factors associated with marijuana use varied with the frequency of use and by gender. In the final multivariate models, low-frequency marijuana use among females was associated with reporting that peers encouraged alcohol use as well as use of alcohol and stimulants. Among males, low-frequency use was associated with greater positive alcohol expectancies, lower grades in school and alcohol use. While high-frequency marijuana use was associated with use of alcohol, stimulants and cocaine among females, such use was associated with higher scores on the antisocial behavior scale as well as the use of alcohol, stimulants and cocaine among males. Overall, the strongest associations were with the use of alcohol and other illicit substances.
Low-frequency and high-frequency marijuana use are distinct patterns of use and have different correlates across genders. Marijuana use among American Indian adolescents is a complex phenomenon that is best understood within the context of other substance use.
在大量美国印第安高中生样本中研究大麻使用者的特征。
高中调查。
密西西比河以西四个社区的七所主要为美国印第安学生的高中。
1464名印第安青少年，他们：（1）于1993年11月完成了一项调查；（2）就读于9至12年级；（3）是四个印第安部落群体之一的成员；（4）拥有用于这些分析的完整数据集。
建立逻辑回归模型以预测低频（过去一个月内1 - 3次）和高频（11次或更多次）大麻使用的概率。自变量包括社会人口统计学、应激性生活事件、个人特征和信念、精神症状学以及其他物质使用的测量指标。
这些美国印第安青少年中，40%在过去一个月内至少使用过大麻一次。大麻使用的流行率在四个部落中有所不同。男性在低频使用大麻方面并不比女性更有可能，但在高频使用方面更有可能。与大麻使用相关的因素因使用频率和性别而异。在最终的多变量模型中，女性低频大麻使用与报告同伴鼓励饮酒以及饮酒和使用兴奋剂有关。在男性中，低频使用与更高的积极饮酒预期、较低的学业成绩和饮酒有关。虽然女性高频大麻使用与饮酒、使用兴奋剂和可卡因有关，但在男性中，这种使用与反社会行为量表上的高分以及饮酒、使用兴奋剂和可卡因有关。总体而言，最强的关联是与饮酒和其他非法物质的使用。
低频和高频大麻使用是不同的使用模式，且在不同性别中有不同的关联因素。美国印第安青少年中的大麻使用是一个复杂的现象，最好在其他物质使用的背景下理解。
