Kilbom s, Armstrong T, Buckle P, Fine L, Hagberg M, Haring-Sweeney M, Martin B, Punnett L, Silverstein B, Sjøgaard G, Theorell T, Viikari-Juntura E
National Institute for Working Life, 171 84 Solna, Sweden.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 1996 Jul;2(3):239-246. doi: 10.1179/oeh.1996.2.3.239.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders cause chronic pain and functional impairment, impose heavy costs on society, and reduce productivity. In this position paper from the Scientific Committee for Musculoskeletal Disorders of the ICOH, the most important risk factors at work are described. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders have high incidences and prevalences among workers who are exposed to manual handling, repetitive and static work, vibrations, and poor psychological and social conditions. The application of ergonomic principles in the workplace is the best method for prevention. International organizations should develop standards, common classifications, and terminologies. Surveillance systems should be further developed nationally and in workplaces, and more effort should be directed to information dissemination, education, and training.
与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病会导致慢性疼痛和功能障碍，给社会带来沉重负担，并降低生产力。在国际职业卫生委员会肌肉骨骼疾病科学委员会的这份立场文件中，描述了工作中最重要的风险因素。在从事手工操作、重复性和静态工作、接触振动以及处于不良心理和社会环境的工人中，与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的发病率和患病率很高。在工作场所应用人体工程学原理是最佳的预防方法。国际组织应制定标准、通用分类和术语。应在国家和工作场所进一步发展监测系统，并应更加注重信息传播、教育和培训。
