Mansoor O, Blakely T, Baker M, Tobias M, Bloomfield A
Ministry of Health, Wellington.
N Z Med J. 1998 Dec 11;111(1079):467-71.
In 1997, an immunisation campaign, using measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, was planned for children aged 2-10 years to prevent a measles epidemic predicted by mathematical modelling. The epidemic started before the campaign and is described here.
Measles hospitalisation, notification and laboratory data were combined.
The epidemic started in April 1997 and was largely over by January 1998. No deaths were identified and only one hospitalisation was coded as measles encephalitis, compared to seven deaths and ten cases of measles encephalitis in the 1991 epidemic. For the 12 months from 1 March 1997 there were 2,169 (60 per 100,000) measles cases identified, 314 (9 per 100,000) of whom were hospitalised. Two-thirds of hospitalised cases were notified. The age-standardised measles incidence rates were 33, 34, and 174 per 100,000 for Europeans, Maori and Pacific people, respectively. The respective age-standardised hospitalisation rates were 4, 9 and 32 per 100,000. Measles incidence was highest for under one-year-olds (904 per 100,000) and low for 11-16 year-olds (27 per 100,000)--the cohort previously offered a second vaccine dose. Most cases were aged 10 years and under, and this group were the main drivers of virus transmission.
The immunisation campaign prevented 90-95% of predicted cases. The campaign was appropriately targeted at children aged 10 years and under.
1997年，计划针对2至10岁儿童开展一场使用麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗的免疫接种活动，以预防通过数学模型预测的麻疹疫情。然而，疫情在活动开始前就已爆发，本文对此进行描述。
将麻疹住院、报告及实验室数据相结合。
疫情于1997年4月开始，到1998年1月基本结束。未发现死亡病例，仅有1例住院病例被诊断为麻疹脑炎，而1991年疫情中有7例死亡和10例麻疹脑炎病例。从1997年3月1日起的12个月内，共确诊2169例麻疹病例（每10万人中有60例），其中314例（每10万人中有9例）住院治疗。三分之二的住院病例已被报告。欧洲人、毛利人和太平洋岛民的年龄标准化麻疹发病率分别为每10万人33例、34例和174例。相应的年龄标准化住院率分别为每10万人4例、9例和32例。一岁以下儿童的麻疹发病率最高（每10万人中有904例），11至16岁儿童的发病率较低（每10万人中有27例），这一年龄组之前已接种过第二剂疫苗。大多数病例年龄在10岁及以下，该群体是病毒传播的主要驱动因素。
免疫接种活动预防了90%至95%的预测病例。该活动的目标人群为10岁及以下儿童，目标设定合理。
