Williamson M M, Hooper P T, Selleck P W, Gleeson L J, Daniels P W, Westbury H A, Murray P K
CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria.
Aust Vet J. 1998 Dec;76(12):813-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb12335.x.
To determine the infectivity and transmissibility of Hendra virus (HeV).
A disease transmission study using fruit bats, horses and cats.
Eight grey-headed fruit bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) were inoculated and housed in contact with three uninfected bats and two uninfected horses. In a second experiment, four horses were inoculated by subcutaneous injection and intranasal inoculation and housed in contact with three uninfected horses and six uninfected cats. In a third experiment, 12 cats were inoculated and housed in contact with three uninfected horses. Two surviving horses were inoculated at the conclusion of the third experiment: the first orally and the second by nasal swabbing. All animals were necropsied and examined by gross and microscopic pathological methods, immunoperoxidase to detect viral antigen in formalin-fixed tissues, virus isolation was attempted on tissues and SNT and ELISA methods were used to detect HeV-specific antibody.
Clinical disease was not observed in the fruit bats, although six of eight inoculated bats developed antibody against HeV, and two of six developed vascular lesions which contained viral antigen. The in-contact bats and horses did not seroconvert. Three of four horses that were inoculated developed acute disease, but in-contact horses and cats were not infected. In the third experiment, one of three in-contact horses contracted disease. At the time of necropsy, high titres of HeV were detected in the kidneys of six acutely infected horses, in the urine of four horses and the mouth of two, but not in the nasal cavities or tracheas.
Grey-headed fruit bats seroconvert and develop subclinical disease when inoculated with HeV. Horses can be infected by oronasal routes and can excrete HeV in urine and saliva. It is possible to transmit HeV from cats to horses. Transmission from P poliocephalus to horses could not be proven and neither could transmission from horses to horses or horses to cats. Under the experimental conditions of the study the virus is not highly contagious.
确定亨德拉病毒（HeV）的传染性和传播性。
一项使用果蝠、马和猫的疾病传播研究。
给8只灰头果蝠（Pteropus poliocephalus）接种病毒，并将它们与3只未感染的蝙蝠和2匹未感染的马放在一起饲养。在第二个实验中，通过皮下注射和鼻内接种给4匹马接种病毒，并将它们与3匹未感染的马和6只未感染的猫放在一起饲养。在第三个实验中，给12只猫接种病毒，并将它们与3匹未感染的马放在一起饲养。在第三个实验结束时给2匹存活的马接种病毒：第一匹经口接种，第二匹通过鼻拭子接种。对所有动物进行尸检，并采用大体和显微镜病理方法进行检查，用免疫过氧化物酶法检测福尔马林固定组织中的病毒抗原，尝试从组织中分离病毒，并使用SNT和ELISA方法检测HeV特异性抗体。
果蝠未观察到临床疾病，尽管8只接种蝙蝠中有6只产生了抗HeV抗体，6只中有2只出现了含有病毒抗原的血管病变。接触的蝙蝠和马没有发生血清转化。接种的4匹马中有3匹出现急性疾病，但接触的马和猫未被感染。在第三个实验中，3匹接触的马中有1匹感染疾病。尸检时，在6匹急性感染马的肾脏、4匹马的尿液和2匹马的口腔中检测到高滴度的HeV，但在鼻腔或气管中未检测到。
灰头果蝠接种HeV后会发生血清转化并出现亚临床疾病。马可通过口鼻途径感染，并可在尿液和唾液中排出HeV。HeV有可能从猫传播给马。无法证实从P poliocephalus传播给马，也无法证实从马传播给马或从马传播给猫。在本研究的实验条件下，该病毒传染性不强。
