Hooper P T, Westbury H A, Russell G M
CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong.
Vet Pathol. 1997 Jul;34(4):323-9. doi: 10.1177/030098589703400408.
Nine cats and four guinea pigs became affected with severe disease during experiments on the infectivity of equine morbillivirus, a newly recognized cause of respiratory disease in horses and humans. Four of the cats were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation, two by intranasal installation, two by oral dosage, and one by direct contact with a cat previously infected by subcutaneous inoculation. All four guinea pigs were inoculated subcutaneously. Gross pathology seen in all affected cats was characterized by hydrothorax and dark, heavy, wet, congested and/or hemorrhagic lungs with froth sometimes found in the respiratory passages. Pulmonary lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous. Six cats also had congested ceca with accompanying edema of mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologically, the lesions in the lungs of the cats were those of severe interstitial pneumonia characterized by serofibrinous alveolar edema, alveolar macrophages, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, thrombosis of small veins, alveolar wall necrosis, and syncytial cells. Clearly defined vascular lesions included intramural hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis and syncytial cells in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries and veins, 20-80 microm in diameter. Vascular lesions accompanied by parenchymal degeneration were also seen in the gastrointestinal and lymphoid organs. Syncytial cells were also visible in the lymphoid tissues of lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. At necropsy, all guinea pigs were cyanosed and had congestion and edema in the gastrointestinal tract. Histologically, there was widespread vascular disease in arteries and veins, 20-80 microm in diameter, in many organs such as the lungs, kidneys, spleens, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tracts, and skeletal and intercostal muscles, but there was no severe pulmonary edema as seen in horses and cats. Sections of tissues of the cats and guinea pigs, examined by indirect immunocytochemical stains, confirmed that the vascular damage was associated with the presence of equine morbillivirus antigen. The syncytia in small blood vessels in the lungs and other organs of both cats and guinea pigs were similar to those seen in horses, and their presence was interpreted as an important characteristic of the disease consistent with a reaction to a morbillivirus.
在对马麻疹病毒传染性进行实验期间，9只猫和4只豚鼠感染了严重疾病。马麻疹病毒是一种新发现的可引发马和人类呼吸道疾病的病原体。4只猫通过皮下接种进行攻毒，2只通过滴鼻接种，2只通过口服给药，1只通过与先前经皮下接种感染的猫直接接触感染。所有4只豚鼠均进行皮下接种。所有患病猫的大体病理学特征为胸腔积液，肺部颜色深、质地重、湿润、充血和/或出血，呼吸道有时可见泡沫。肺门淋巴结肿大且水肿。6只猫的盲肠也充血，伴有肠系膜淋巴结水肿。组织学上，猫肺部的病变为严重间质性肺炎，特征为浆液纤维素性肺泡水肿、肺泡巨噬细胞、肺泡内出血、小静脉血栓形成、肺泡壁坏死和多核巨细胞。明确的血管病变包括直径为20 - 80微米的肺动脉和静脉壁内出血、水肿、坏死以及内皮细胞中的多核巨细胞。在胃肠道和淋巴器官中也可见伴有实质变性的血管病变。在淋巴结、脾脏和派伊尔结的淋巴组织中也可见多核巨细胞。尸检时，所有豚鼠均发绀，胃肠道充血且水肿。组织学上，在许多器官如肺、肾、脾、淋巴结、胃肠道、骨骼肌和肋间肌中，直径为20 - 80微米的动脉和静脉存在广泛的血管疾病，但未出现马和猫中所见的严重肺水肿。通过间接免疫细胞化学染色检查猫和豚鼠的组织切片，证实血管损伤与马麻疹病毒抗原的存在有关。猫和豚鼠肺部及其他器官小血管中的多核巨细胞与马中所见相似，其存在被认为是该疾病的一个重要特征，与对麻疹病毒的反应一致。
