Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Viruses. 2023 Sep 22;15(10):1980. doi: 10.3390/v15101980.
Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are zoonotic paramyxoviruses in the genus (HNV) that emerged nearly thirty years ago. Outbreaks of HeV and NiV have led to severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans and animals characterized by a high mortality rate. Despite the grave threat HNVs pose to public health and global biosecurity, no approved medical countermeasures for human use currently exist against HeV or NiV. To develop candidate vaccines and therapeutics and advance the field's understanding of HNV pathogenesis, animal models of HeV and NiV have been instrumental and remain indispensable. Various species, including rodents, ferrets, and nonhuman primates (NHPs), have been employed for HNV investigations. Among these, NHPs have demonstrated the closest resemblance to human HNV disease, although other animal models replicate some key disease features. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the currently available animal models (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, ferrets, cats, dogs, nonhuman primates, horses, and swine) to support HNV research. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of each model for conducting pathogenesis and transmission studies on HeV and NiV and for the evaluation of medical countermeasures.
亨德拉病毒（HeV）和尼帕病毒（NiV）是近三十年前出现的副黏病毒科中的人畜共患病病毒，属于亨德拉病毒属（HNV）。HeV 和 NiV 的爆发导致了人类和动物中严重的呼吸道疾病和脑炎，其死亡率很高。尽管 HNV 对公共卫生和全球生物安全构成严重威胁，但目前尚无针对 HeV 或 NiV 的经批准的人类用途医疗对策。为了开发候选疫苗和疗法，并推进该领域对 HNV 发病机制的理解，亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒的动物模型发挥了重要作用，并且仍然是不可或缺的。已经使用了包括啮齿动物、雪貂和非人灵长类动物（NHPs）在内的各种物种来进行 HNV 研究。在这些物种中，NHP 与人类 HNV 疾病最为相似，尽管其他动物模型也复制了一些关键的疾病特征。在这里，我们全面回顾了现有的动物模型（小鼠、仓鼠、豚鼠、雪貂、猫、狗、非人灵长类动物、马和猪），以支持 HNV 研究。我们还讨论了每种模型在进行 HeV 和 NiV 的发病机制和传播研究以及评估医疗对策方面的优缺点。
