Gutin B, Owens S, Okuyama T, Riggs S, Ferguson M, Litaker M
Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-3710, USA.
Obes Res. 1999 Mar;7(2):208-14. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00703.x.
We determined the effect of 4-month periods of physical training (PT) and detraining on percent fat (percent fat) and bone density of children with obesity.
Subjects were 79 7- to 11-year-old children with obesity; 34 were white, 44 were black, and 1 was Asian, 26 were male and 53 were female. They were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 engaged in PT for the first 4 months, while group 2 engaged in PT during the second 4 months. Body composition was measured with dual energy absorptiometry, and diet was measured with 4 days of recall for each 4-month period. PT was offered 5 days/week for 40 minutes/session, heart rate monitors were worn, and no dietary information was given; mean attendance was 80%, and mean heart rate per session was 157 bpm.
Group by time interactions across the three time-points (from analysis of variance) were significant for percent fat (p = <0.001) and bone density (p = 0.045). Both groups declined in percent fat during the periods of PT, by an average of 1.6% fat units; in the 4 months after cessation of PT, group 1 increased by 1.3% fat. In both groups, bone density increased more during periods of PT (0.025 g/cm2) than during periods of no PT (0.010 g/cm2). No significant PT vs. no-PT differences were found for dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, or calcium.
This study suggests that regular exercise, without dietary intervention, can enhance the body composition of children with obesity.
我们确定了为期4个月的体育锻炼（PT）及停训对肥胖儿童体脂百分比和骨密度的影响。
研究对象为79名7至11岁的肥胖儿童；其中34名是白人，44名是黑人，1名是亚洲人，26名是男性，53名是女性。他们被随机分为两组：第一组在前4个月进行体育锻炼，而第二组在第二个4个月进行体育锻炼。使用双能吸收法测量身体成分，并在每个4个月期间通过4天饮食回顾来测量饮食情况。体育锻炼每周进行5天，每次40分钟，佩戴心率监测器，且未提供饮食信息；平均出勤率为80%，每次锻炼的平均心率为157次/分钟。
通过方差分析，在三个时间点上，组间时间交互作用对体脂百分比（p = <0.001）和骨密度（p = 0.045）具有显著意义。两组在体育锻炼期间体脂百分比均下降，平均下降1.6个脂肪单位；在停止体育锻炼后的4个月里，第一组体脂增加了1.3%。两组在体育锻炼期间骨密度的增加量（0.025 g/cm²）均高于未进行体育锻炼期间（0.010 g/cm²）。在能量、常量营养素或钙的饮食摄入量方面，未发现体育锻炼组与非体育锻炼组之间存在显著差异。
本研究表明，在不进行饮食干预的情况下，定期锻炼可以改善肥胖儿童的身体成分。
