Sorensen G, Stoddard A, Hammond S K, Hebert J R, Avrunin J S, Ockene J K
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Control, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1996 May-Jun;10(5):355-63. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-10.5.355.
To address three specific questions in a sample of craftspersons and laborers: (1) Do craftspersons and laborers exposed to workplace hazards have higher behavioral risks, such as smoking and high-fat diets, than those with few job risks? (2) Compared to workers with few job risks, do workers exposed to risks on the job have higher intentions to reduce their behavioral risks? (3) Does concern about the level of exposure to risks on the job increase workers' intentions to reduce behavioral risks?
A cross-sectional self-administered survey was conducted in participating worksites.
Twenty-two predominantly manufacturing worksites in Massachusetts.
Craftspersons and laborers responding to the survey and employed in these 22 worksites (completion rate = 61%, N = 1841).
By using standardized items, this survey measured self-reported exposure to workplace hazards, concern about job exposures, smoking status, fat and fiber intake, readiness to quit smoking, plans to reduce fat intake, plans to eat more fruits and vegetables, and sociodemographic variables.
Workers reporting exposure to chemical hazards on the job were significantly more likely to be smokers than were unexposed workers, even when results were controlled for gender. Compared with unexposed workers, smokers exposed to chemical hazards were significantly more likely to be thinking of quitting or taking action to quit, when results were controlled for gender, race, and education. Among workers exposed to occupational chemical hazards, concern about this exposure was significantly associated with intentions to decrease fat intake and increase fruit and vegetable intake, and, among men, intentions to quit smoking.
Efforts aimed at integrating health promotion and health protection are needed to address simultaneously the job risks and personal risks these workers face.
针对一组工匠和劳动者样本，解决三个具体问题：（1）与工作风险较少的人相比，接触工作场所危害的工匠和劳动者是否有更高的行为风险，如吸烟和高脂肪饮食？（2）与工作风险较少的工人相比，工作中接触风险的工人是否有更高的降低行为风险的意愿？（3）对工作中接触风险程度的担忧是否会增加工人降低行为风险的意愿？
在参与的工作场所进行了一项横断面自我管理调查。
马萨诸塞州的22个主要制造业工作场所。
对调查做出回应并受雇于这22个工作场所的工匠和劳动者（完成率 = 61%，N = 1841）。
通过使用标准化项目，该调查测量了自我报告的工作场所危害接触情况、对工作接触的担忧、吸烟状况、脂肪和纤维摄入量、戒烟意愿、减少脂肪摄入的计划、多吃水果和蔬菜的计划以及社会人口统计学变量。
即使在对性别进行控制后，报告在工作中接触化学危害的工人比未接触的工人更有可能吸烟。在对性别、种族和教育进行控制后，与未接触的工人相比，接触化学危害的吸烟者更有可能考虑戒烟或采取行动戒烟。在接触职业化学危害的工人中，对这种接触的担忧与减少脂肪摄入和增加水果和蔬菜摄入的意愿显著相关，对于男性而言，还与戒烟意愿显著相关。
需要致力于将健康促进和健康保护相结合的努力，以同时应对这些工人面临的工作风险和个人风险。
