Tarkka M T, Paunonen M, Laippala P
Department of Nursing Science, University of Tampere, Finland.
Public Health Nurs. 1999 Apr;16(2):114-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1446.1999.00114.x.
The purpose of this study was to look at the factors related to the first-time mother's coping with child care when her child is 3 months old. This study is part of an extensive longitudinal project in which the development of mothering skills of first-time mothers was followed up for 8 months postpartum. The data were collected with a questionnaire between March and September 1995, in a sample of 271 first-time mothers. The mothers filled in the questionnaire when their babies were 3 months old. Coping with child care was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Positive correlation was found between the mother's competence, attachment to the child, health, depression, relationship with the spouse, sense of isolation and role restriction, and the mother's coping with child care. The strongest correlation existed between the mother's competence and her coping. Positive correlation was also found between the child's mood, demandingness and acceptability, and the mother's coping with child care, with the child's demandingness having the strongest correlation. Positive correlation was again found between social support--the average functional support the mother received from her own social network, plus affect, affirmation, and aid from the public health nurses--and the mother's coping with child care. The predictors included in the multivariate method were the mother's competence, health, depression, and attachment to her child; the child's mood and ease or difficulty of care; and the affect and affirmation from the public health nurse. The results show that the first-time mother's coping with child care, when the child is 3 months old, is affected by the characteristics of both mother and child, as well as by the social support received from their social network and from the public health nurses at the child welfare clinic.
本研究旨在探究与初为人母者在其孩子3个月大时应对育儿问题相关的因素。本研究是一个广泛的纵向项目的一部分，在该项目中，对初为人母者产后8个月的育儿技能发展情况进行了跟踪。1995年3月至9月期间，通过问卷调查收集了271位初为人母者的数据。母亲们在孩子3个月大时填写问卷。使用斯皮尔曼相关系数和逐步回归分析来评估应对育儿问题的情况。发现母亲的能力、与孩子的依恋关系、健康状况、抑郁程度、与配偶的关系、孤独感和角色限制，与母亲应对育儿问题之间存在正相关。母亲的能力与她的应对能力之间存在最强的相关性。还发现孩子的情绪、需求度和可接受性与母亲应对育儿问题之间存在正相关，其中孩子的需求度相关性最强。再次发现社会支持——母亲从自己的社交网络获得的平均功能性支持，加上来自公共卫生护士的情感支持、肯定和帮助——与母亲应对育儿问题之间存在正相关。多变量方法中纳入的预测因素包括母亲的能力、健康状况、抑郁程度以及与孩子的依恋关系；孩子的情绪以及照料的难易程度；以及公共卫生护士给予的情感支持和肯定。结果表明，初为人母者在孩子3个月大时应对育儿问题，受到母亲和孩子的特征影响，以及从其社交网络和儿童福利诊所的公共卫生护士那里获得的社会支持的影响。
