Walters L L, Tirrell S J, Shope R E
Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 May;60(5):806-21. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.806.
This study investigated the geographic distribution and prevalence of antibodies to California and Bunyamwera serogroup viruses in Native populations of Alaska, and demographic and ecologic risk factors associated with exposure. Sera (n = 1,635) from 18 communities were screened using an ELISA. All age groups were tested for antibodies to Jamestown Canyon (JC), Inkoo (INK), snowshoe hare (SSH), and Northway (NOR) viruses; persons > or = 45 years old (n = 90) from six communities were additionally tested for antibodies to Tahyna (TAH), Batai (BAT), Cache Valley (CV), and Sindbis (SIN) viruses. Thirty free-ranging mammals were tested by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for antibodies to all eight viruses and to Getah (GET) virus. In Natives, overall antibody prevalence was 24.9% (JC = 17.6%, monotypic JC = 6.5%, INK = 11.1%, monotypic INK = 0.6%, SSH = 6.8%, monotypic SSH = 3.5%, and NOR = 6.2%). Five TAH, CV, and BAT virus exposures may be serologic cross-reactions, and no SIN virus antibodies were detected. Sindbis-like virus antibodies were found in 30% of the mammals. Most mammals had antibodies to NOR (83.3%) and California serogroup (70.0%) viruses; no GET virus exposures were found. Significant risk factors for human bunyavirus exposures were age group, ethnic-linguistic group, biotic province, climate zone, terrestrial vegetation, and presence of some ungulates and small mammals in communities. Sex was not a significant risk factor.
本研究调查了阿拉斯加原住民中针对加利福尼亚和布尼亚姆韦拉血清群病毒抗体的地理分布及流行情况，以及与暴露相关的人口统计学和生态风险因素。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对来自18个社区的血清（n = 1635）进行筛查。对所有年龄组检测其针对詹姆斯敦峡谷（JC）、因库奥（INK）、雪兔（SSH）和诺斯韦（NOR）病毒的抗体；对来自6个社区的年龄大于或等于45岁的人群（n = 90）额外检测其针对塔希纳（TAH）、巴泰（BAT）、卡什谷（CV）和辛德毕斯（SIN）病毒的抗体。通过蚀斑减少中和试验（PRNT）对30只自由放养的哺乳动物检测其针对所有8种病毒以及盖塔（GET）病毒的抗体。在原住民中，总体抗体流行率为24.9%（JC = 17.6%，单一型JC = 6.5%，INK = 11.1%，单一型INK = 0.6%，SSH = 6.8%，单一型SSH = 3.5%，NOR = 6.2%）。5例TAH、CV和BAT病毒暴露可能为血清学交叉反应，未检测到SIN病毒抗体。在30%的哺乳动物中发现了辛德毕斯样病毒抗体。大多数哺乳动物具有针对NOR（83.3%）和加利福尼亚血清群（70.0%）病毒的抗体；未发现GET病毒暴露情况。人类感染布尼亚病毒的显著风险因素包括年龄组、民族语言群体、生物区、气候带、陆地植被以及社区中某些有蹄类动物和小型哺乳动物的存在。性别不是显著的风险因素。
