Rouibah A, Tiberghien G, Lupker S J
Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS UPR 9075, Bron, France.
Mem Cognit. 1999 May;27(3):422-37. doi: 10.3758/bf03211538.
The questions asked in the present experiments concern the generality of semantic and phonological priming effects: Do these effects arise automatically regardless of target task, or are these effects restricted to target tasks that specifically require the retrieval of the primed information? In Experiment 1, subjects produced faster color matching times on targets preceded by a masked rhyming prime than on targets preceded by an orthographic control or an unrelated prime. This result suggests that automatic priming effects on the basis of phonological similarity can be obtained even when the target task does not make use of phonological information. This claim was reinforced in Experiment 2 in which a rhyme priming effect and a semantic priming effect were found in a semantic categorization task. In Experiment 3, the target task was phonological (rhyme detection), and, again, both phonological and semantic priming effects were observed. Finally, in Experiments 4 and 5, in a replication and an extension of Experiment 1, phonological and semantic priming effects were found in a color matching task, a task involving neither phonological nor semantic processing. These results are most straightforwardly interpreted by assuming that both semantic and phonological priming effects are, at least in part, due to automatic activation of memorial representations.
这些效应是否会自动出现，而与目标任务无关，或者这些效应是否仅限于特别需要检索启动信息的目标任务？在实验1中，与在由正字法控制或无关启动词之前呈现的目标相比，被试在由掩蔽的押韵启动词之前呈现的目标上产生颜色匹配的时间更快。这一结果表明，即使目标任务未使用语音信息，基于语音相似性的自动启动效应也能够获得。在实验2中强化了这一观点，在该实验中，在语义分类任务中发现了押韵启动效应和语义启动效应。在实验3中，目标任务是语音方面的（押韵检测），并且同样观察到了语音和语义启动效应。最后，在实验4和实验5中，作为对实验1的重复和扩展，在颜色匹配任务中发现了语音和语义启动效应，该任务既不涉及语音处理也不涉及语义处理。通过假设语义和语音启动效应至少部分是由于记忆表征的自动激活，这些结果能够得到最直接的解释。
