Neiderhiser J M, Reiss D, Hetherington E M, Plomin R
Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 May;35(3):680-92. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.3.680.
The predictive association between parenting and adolescent adjustment has been assumed to be environmental; however, genetic and environmental contributions have not been examined. This article represents one effort to examine these associations in which a genetically informative design was used. Participants were 395 families with adolescent siblings who participated in the Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (D. Reiss et al., 1994) project at 2 times of assessment, 3 years apart. There were 5 sibling types in 2 types of families: 63 identical twins, 75 fraternal twins, and 58 full siblings in nondivorced families and 95 full, 60 half, and 44 genetically unrelated siblings in stepfamilies. Results indicate that the cross-lagged associations between parental conflict-negativity and adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms can be explained primarily by genetic factors. These findings emphasize the need to recognize and examine the impact that adolescents have on parenting and the contribution of genetic factors to developmental change.
养育方式与青少年适应之间的预测关联一直被认为是环境因素所致；然而，遗传因素和环境因素的作用尚未得到研究。本文旨在通过采用基因信息设计来研究这些关联。参与者为395个有青少年兄弟姐妹的家庭，这些家庭参与了“青少年发展中的非共享环境”（D. 赖斯等人，1994年）项目，在相隔3年的两个评估时间点参与研究。在两种类型的家庭中有5种兄弟姐妹类型：63对同卵双胞胎、75对异卵双胞胎，以及58对非离异家庭中的全同胞，还有95对全同胞、60对半同胞和44对继家庭中基因不相关的兄弟姐妹。结果表明，父母冲突 - 消极性与青少年反社会行为及抑郁症状之间的交叉滞后关联主要可由遗传因素来解释。这些发现强调了认识和研究青少年对养育方式的影响以及遗传因素对发展变化的作用的必要性。
