von Woedtke T, Schlüter B, Pflegel P, Lindequist U, Jülich W D
Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
Pharmazie. 1999 Jun;54(6):452-6.
The antimicrobial efficacy as well as the content of preservative agents of six commercially available grapefruit seed extracts were examined. Five of the six extracts showed a high growth inhibiting activity against the test germs Bacillus subtilis SBUG 14, Micrococcus flavus SBUG 16, Staphylococcus aureus SBUG 11, Serratia marcescens SBUG 9, Escherichia coli SBUG 17, Proteus mirabilis SBUG 47, and Candida maltosa SBUG 700. In all of the antimicrobial active grapefruit seed extracts, the preservative benzethonium chloride was detected by thin layer chromatography. Additionally, three extracts contained the preserving substances triclosan and methyl parabene. In only one of the grapefruit seed extracts tested no preservative agent was found. However, with this extract as well as with several self-made extracts from seed and juiceless pulp of grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) no antimicrobial activity could be detected (standard serial broth dilution assay, agar diffusion test). Thus, it is concluded that the potent as well as nearly universal antimicrobial activity being attributed to grapefruit seed extract is merely due to the synthetic preservative agents contained within. Natural products with antimicrobial activity do not appear to be present.
对六种市售葡萄柚籽提取物的抗菌效果以及防腐剂含量进行了检测。六种提取物中的五种对测试细菌枯草芽孢杆菌SBUG 14、微黄微球菌SBUG 16、金黄色葡萄球菌SBUG 11、粘质沙雷氏菌SBUG 9、大肠杆菌SBUG 17、奇异变形杆菌SBUG 47和麦芽糖假丝酵母SBUG 700显示出高生长抑制活性。在所有具有抗菌活性的葡萄柚籽提取物中，通过薄层色谱法检测到了防腐剂苄索氯铵。此外，三种提取物含有防腐剂三氯生和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯。在所测试的葡萄柚籽提取物中，仅有一种未发现防腐剂。然而，使用这种提取物以及几种从葡萄柚（柑橘属）种子和无汁果肉自制的提取物，均未检测到抗菌活性（标准系列肉汤稀释试验、琼脂扩散试验）。因此，可以得出结论，归因于葡萄柚籽提取物的强大且几乎普遍的抗菌活性仅仅是由于其中所含的合成防腐剂。似乎不存在具有抗菌活性的天然产物。
