加拿大两个城市儿童哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹的患病率：儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究
Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema among children in 2 Canadian cities: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
作者信息
Habbick B F, Pizzichini M M, Taylor B, Rennie D, Senthilselvan A, Sears M R
机构信息
Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
出版信息
CMAJ. 1999 Jun 29;160(13):1824-8.
BACKGROUND
Wide variations in the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema have been reported between regions within Canada and between different countries. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was developed to provide a standardized tool and methodology to ascertain the prevalence of asthma and allergies in different regions. Comparisons of prevalence rates across geographic regions and at different times may help to identify factors that contribute to the development of these conditions in individuals.
METHODS
Two Canadian centres, Hamilton and Saskatoon, participated in the ISAAC. A standard questionnaire was distributed through schools and completed by 13- and 14-year-old children and by the parents of 6- and 7-year-old children. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for asthma, wheezing, rhinitis and eczema.
RESULTS
The overall response rates were 75.1% among the children 6 and 7 years old and 68.6% among those 13 and 14 years old. Among the younger children, the lifetime prevalence of asthma was 17.2% in Hamilton and 11.2% in Saskatoon; the corresponding rates among the older children were 19.2% and 12.2% respectively. The prevalence of wheezing in the 12 months before the survey in the younger group was 20.1% in Hamilton and 14.1% in Saskatoon; in the older group it was 30.6% and 24.0% respectively. The prevalence of rhinitis in the 12 months before the survey was 28.6% in Hamilton and 22.6% in Saskatoon in the younger group and 45.8% and 33.8% respectively in the older group. The prevalence of eczema was slightly higher in Saskatoon in both age groups.
INTERPRETATION
High prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis and eczema exist among school children in Hamilton and Saskatoon, similar to rates in other Western countries. Further studies are required to determine the factors associated with the high rates in the 2 regions and possible reasons for the higher rates in Hamilton.
背景
据报道，加拿大各地区之间以及不同国家之间哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹的患病率存在很大差异。儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）旨在提供一种标准化工具和方法，以确定不同地区哮喘和过敏的患病率。跨地理区域和不同时间的患病率比较可能有助于确定导致个体出现这些病症的因素。
方法
加拿大的两个中心，汉密尔顿和萨斯卡通，参与了ISAAC。通过学校发放标准问卷，由13岁和14岁的儿童以及6岁和7岁儿童的父母填写。计算了哮喘、喘息、鼻炎和湿疹的患病率及95%置信区间。
结果
6岁和7岁儿童的总体回复率为75.1%，13岁和14岁儿童为68.6%。在年幼儿童中，汉密尔顿哮喘的终生患病率为17.2%，萨斯卡通为11.2%；年龄较大儿童中的相应患病率分别为19.2%和12.2%。在较年幼儿童组中，调查前12个月喘息的患病率在汉密尔顿为20.1%，在萨斯卡通为14.1%；在年龄较大组中分别为30.6%和24.0%。在调查前12个月，较年幼儿童组中鼻炎的患病率在汉密尔顿为28.6%，在萨斯卡通为22.6%，年龄较大组中分别为45.8%和33.8%。两个年龄组中，萨斯卡通湿疹的患病率略高。
解读
汉密尔顿和萨斯卡通的在校儿童中哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹的患病率较高，与其他西方国家的患病率相似。需要进一步研究以确定与这两个地区高患病率相关的因素以及汉密尔顿患病率较高的可能原因。
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