Parfitt G, Pates J
Division of Health and Human Performance, University of Wales, Bangor, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1999 May;17(5):351-6. doi: 10.1080/026404199365867.
This study considered the influence of competitive anxiety and self-confidence state responses upon components of performance. Basketball players (n = 12) were trained to self-report their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence as a single response on several occasions immediately before going on court to play. Performance was video-recorded and aspects of performance that could be characterized as requiring either largely anaerobic power (height jumped) or working memory (successful passes and assists) were measured. Intra-individual performance scores were computed from these measures and the data from seven matches were subjected to regression analyses and then hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicated that, as anticipated, somatic anxiety positively predicted performance that involved anaerobic demands. Self-confidence, and not cognitive anxiety, was the main predictor of performance scores with working memory demands. It would appear that different competitive state responses exert differential effects upon aspects of actual performance. Identifying these differences will be valuable in recommending intervention strategies designed to facilitate performance.
本研究考察了竞争性焦虑和自信状态反应对表现成分的影响。12名篮球运动员在每次上场比赛前，都要多次训练自我报告其认知焦虑、躯体焦虑和自信，并将其作为单一反应。对表现进行录像，并测量表现中可被描述为主要需要无氧能力（跳高）或工作记忆（成功传球和助攻）的方面。根据这些测量计算个体内表现得分，并对七场比赛的数据进行回归分析，然后进行层次回归分析。结果表明，正如预期的那样，躯体焦虑正向预测了涉及无氧需求的表现。自信而非认知焦虑是工作记忆需求表现得分的主要预测因素。不同的竞争状态反应似乎对实际表现的各个方面产生不同的影响。识别这些差异对于推荐旨在促进表现的干预策略将是有价值的。
