Jekauc Darko, Fritsch Julian, Latinjak Alexander T
Department for Health Education and Sport Psychology, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Department for Psychology and Education, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2021 Dec 16;12:790423. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.790423. eCollection 2021.
In this article, we introduce a theory on the dynamic development of affective processes, affect regulation, and the relationship between emotions and sport performance. The theory focusses on how affective processes emerge and develop during competitive sport involvement. Based on Scherer's component process model, we postulate six components of emotion that interact with each other in a circular fashion: (I) triggering processes, (II) physiological reactions, (III) action tendencies, (IV) expressive behaviors, (V) subjective experience, and (VI) higher cognitive processes. The theory stresses the dynamics of affective processes and describes the consequences for performance in competitive sports. It assumes that the peculiarities of different sports must be taken into account in order to understand the affective processes, and offers starting points on which strategies can be used to effectively regulate affective states. Consequences for research and practice are derived and discussed. To study the development of affective processes, future research should test the assumptions in ecologically valid contexts, such as real competitions or competition-like situations, using multi-component measures of emotions.
在本文中，我们介绍了一种关于情感过程动态发展、情感调节以及情绪与运动表现之间关系的理论。该理论聚焦于情感过程在参与竞技运动期间如何出现和发展。基于谢勒的成分过程模型，我们假定情绪的六个成分以循环方式相互作用：（I）触发过程，（II）生理反应，（III）行动倾向，（IV）表达行为，（V）主观体验，以及（VI）高级认知过程。该理论强调情感过程的动态性，并描述了其对竞技运动表现的影响。它假定为了理解情感过程，必须考虑不同运动的特点，并提供了可用于有效调节情感状态的策略的出发点。我们推导并讨论了该理论对研究和实践的影响。为了研究情感过程的发展，未来的研究应该在生态有效情境中，如真实比赛或类似比赛的情境中，使用多成分情绪测量方法来检验这些假设。
