Macey J R, Wang Y, Ananjeva N B, Larson A, Papenfuss T J
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1999 Aug;12(3):320-32. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1999.0641.
A well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis is presented for gekkonid lizards of the genus Teratoscincus. Phylogenetic relationships of four of the five species are investigated using 1733 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND1 (subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase), tRNA(Ile), tRNA(Gln), tRNA(Met), ND2, tRNA(Trp), tRNA(Ala), tRNA(Asn), tRNA(Cys), tRNA(Tyr), and COI (subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase). A single most parsimonious tree depicts T. przewalskii and T. roborowskii as a monophyletic group, with T. scincus as their sister taxon and T. microlepis as the sister taxon to the clade containing the first three species. The aligned sequences contain 341 phylogenetically informative characters. Each node is supported by a bootstrap value of 100% and the shortest suboptimal tree requires 29 additional steps. Allozymic variation is presented for proteins encoded by 19 loci but these data are largely uninformative phylogenetically. Teratoscincus species occur on tectonic plates of Gondwanan origin that were compressed by the impinging Indian Subcontinent, resulting in massive montane uplifting along plate boundaries. Taxa occurring in China (Tarim Block) form a monophyletic group showing vicariant separation from taxa in former Soviet Central Asia and northern Afghanistan (Farah Block); alternative biogeographic hypotheses are statistically rejected. This vicariant event involved the rise of the Tien Shan-Pamir and is well dated to 10 million years before present. Using this date for separation of taxa occurring on opposite sides of the Tien Shan-Pamir, an evolutionary rate of 0.57% divergence per lineage per million years is calculated. This rate is similar to estimates derived from fish, bufonid frogs, and agamid lizards for the same region of the mitochondrial genome ( approximately 0.65% divergence per lineage per million years). Evolutionary divergence of the mitochondrial genome has a surprisingly stable rate across vertebrates.
本文提出了一个得到充分支持的沙虎属壁虎类蜥蜴系统发育假说。利用来自编码ND1（NADH脱氢酶亚基一）、tRNA（Ile）、tRNA（Gln）、tRNA（Met）、ND2、tRNA（Trp）、tRNA（Ala）、tRNA（Asn）、tRNA（Cys）、tRNA（Tyr）和COI（细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I）基因的1733个比对后的线粒体DNA序列碱基，研究了五个物种中四个物种的系统发育关系。一棵单一的最简约树显示，新疆沙虎和罗布泊沙虎为一个单系群，沙虎是它们的姐妹分类单元，而小鳞沙虎是包含前三个物种的进化枝的姐妹分类单元。比对后的序列包含341个系统发育信息特征。每个节点的自展值支持率为100%，最短的次优树需要额外29步。给出了由19个基因座编码的蛋白质的等位酶变异情况，但这些数据在系统发育方面基本没有信息价值。沙虎属物种分布在冈瓦纳起源的构造板块上，这些板块受到印度次大陆碰撞挤压，导致沿板块边界出现大规模山地隆升。分布在中国（塔里木地块）的类群形成一个单系群，与前苏联中亚和阿富汗北部（法拉地块）的类群出现了替代隔离；其他生物地理假说在统计学上被否定。这次替代事件涉及天山 - 帕米尔的隆升，其时间可很好地追溯到距今1000万年前。利用这个时间来分隔天山 - 帕米尔两侧的类群，计算出每个谱系每百万年的进化分歧率为0.57%。这个速率与从鱼类、蟾蜍科蛙类和鬣蜥类蜥蜴线粒体基因组相同区域得出的估计值相似（每个谱系每百万年约0.65%的分歧率）。线粒体基因组的进化分歧在脊椎动物中具有惊人的稳定速率。
