Smith J L
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
J Food Prot. 1999 Jul;62(7):818-29. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-62.7.818.
The consequences of foodborne illness can be particularly devastating during pregnancy because both the woman and her fetus are at risk. Escalated production of progesterone during pregnancy leads to down-regulation of cellular (cell-mediated) immune functions. Many foodborne pathogens (and other pathogens) are intracellular pathogens, and infections caused by these pathogens are controlled by cell-mediated immunity. The pregnancy-induced decrease in cell-mediated immune functions leads to increased susceptibility of the pregnant woman to certain infections. Hepatitis E virus, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular pathogens that have a predilection for the maternal-fetal unit and may induce serious disease in the mother and/or fetus. In the United States, T. gondii and L. monocytogenes are the most important foodborne pathogens in pregnancy, and these organisms can induce death or grave disease in the fetus and newborn. The pregnant woman, in order to protect herself and her fetus from the consequences of foodborne illness, must practice a high standard of food hygiene and personal cleanliness.
食源性疾病的后果在孕期可能尤其具有毁灭性，因为孕妇及其胎儿都面临风险。孕期孕酮分泌增加会导致细胞（细胞介导）免疫功能下调。许多食源性病原体（以及其他病原体）是细胞内病原体，由这些病原体引起的感染由细胞介导的免疫控制。孕期诱导的细胞介导免疫功能下降导致孕妇对某些感染的易感性增加。戊型肝炎病毒、伯氏考克斯体、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和弓形虫是细胞内病原体，它们倾向于母婴单元，可能在母亲和/或胎儿中诱发严重疾病。在美国，弓形虫和单核细胞增生李斯特菌是孕期最重要的食源性病原体，这些病原体可导致胎儿和新生儿死亡或严重疾病。为了保护自己和胎儿免受食源性疾病的影响，孕妇必须保持高标准的食品卫生和个人清洁。
