Lindeman M, Stark K
Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Appetite. 1999 Aug;33(1):141-61. doi: 10.1006/appe.1999.0241.
The clustering of four food choice motives (health, weight concern, pleasure and ideological reasons) and the relationship between personality and the food choice motives were analysed among young and middle-aged women in two studies. The personality variables included personal strivings, magical beliefs about food, awareness and internalization of thinness pressures, appearance and weight dissatisfaction, depression, self-esteem and symptoms of eating disorders. Study 1 was done with 171 young and middle-aged women. In Study 2, with data provided by 118 senior high-school girls, one cluster of girls who did not regard any of the food choice motives as important was found, otherwise the food choice clusters were fairly similar in both studies. They were labelled as health fosterers, gourmets, ideological eaters, health dieters and distressed dieters. Only the second dieter group, distressed dieters, showed low psychological well-being and symptoms of disordered eating. The results also indicated that ideological food choice motives (i.e. expression of one's identity via food) were best predicted by vegetarianism, magical beliefs about food and health, and personal strivings for ecological welfare and for understanding self and the world.
在两项研究中，对年轻和中年女性的四种食物选择动机（健康、体重担忧、愉悦和意识形态原因）的聚类以及个性与食物选择动机之间的关系进行了分析。个性变量包括个人奋斗目标、对食物的神奇信念、对瘦身压力的认知和内化、对外表和体重的不满、抑郁、自尊以及饮食失调症状。研究1针对171名年轻和中年女性开展。在研究2中，根据118名高中女生提供的数据，发现有一组女生不认为任何食物选择动机很重要，否则两项研究中的食物选择聚类相当相似。它们被标记为健康促进者、美食家、意识形态食客、健康节食者和苦恼节食者。只有第二组节食者，即苦恼节食者，表现出较低的心理健康水平和饮食失调症状。结果还表明，意识形态食物选择动机（即通过食物表达个人身份）最好由素食主义、对食物和健康的神奇信念以及对生态福利以及对自我和世界的理解的个人奋斗目标来预测。
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