Tulldahl J, Pettersson K, Andersson S W, Hulthén L
Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Götenborg University, Sweden.
Obes Res. 1999 Sep;7(5):431-7. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00430.x.
Feeding mode in infancy and differences in childhood growth have been studied in several longitudinal studies, but few studies have followed children up to adolescent age. There is evidence that formula-fed infants weigh more and are taller than their breast-fed counterparts, and indications that this difference may sustain.
We have studied the relations between length of breast-feeding, growth, and body composition in a group of 781 representatively chosen adolescents. Data on feeding pattern in infancy and on weight and height from birth up to 18 years were collected. We studied the relation between high body mass index (BMI) (defined as < or =85th percentile) in adolescence and length of breast-feeding.
Girls who were not breast-fed or breast-fed for less than 3 months had a significantly higher height curve than girls exclusively breast-fed for more then 3 months. There were tendencies towards higher values of adipose tissue measured by skinfolds in girls breast-fed for 3 months or less. Short duration of exclusive breast-feeding was associated with higher BMI (p<0.04). In a subgroup of 194 adolescents, body composition was measured with dual energy X-ray. Both boys and girls who were exclusively breast-fed for more than 3 months were leaner and showed a trend towards lower skinfold values.
These results are important to include in the debate about optimal feeding in infancy. Regarding breast-feeding as a standard, our results imply that formula fed infants may be at risk for overfeeding, which might lead to overweight, even up to adolescent age.
在多项纵向研究中已对婴儿期喂养方式及儿童期生长差异进行了研究，但很少有研究对儿童追踪至青少年期。有证据表明，配方奶喂养的婴儿比母乳喂养的婴儿体重更重、身高更高，且有迹象表明这种差异可能持续存在。
我们对一组781名具有代表性的青少年进行了母乳喂养时长、生长情况和身体成分之间关系的研究。收集了婴儿期喂养模式以及从出生到18岁的体重和身高数据。我们研究了青少年期高体重指数（BMI）（定义为≤第85百分位数）与母乳喂养时长之间的关系。
未进行母乳喂养或母乳喂养少于3个月的女孩，其身高曲线显著高于纯母乳喂养超过3个月的女孩。母乳喂养3个月及以下的女孩，通过皮褶厚度测量的脂肪组织值有升高趋势。纯母乳喂养时间短与较高的BMI相关（p<0.04）。在194名青少年亚组中，用双能X射线测量了身体成分。纯母乳喂养超过3个月的男孩和女孩都更瘦，且皮褶厚度值有降低趋势。
这些结果对于纳入婴儿期最佳喂养方式的辩论很重要。以母乳喂养为标准，我们的结果表明配方奶喂养的婴儿可能存在过度喂养的风险，这可能导致超重，甚至持续到青少年期。
