Warda L, Tenenbein M, Moffatt M E
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, IM-PACT: Injuries, Manitoba-Prevention of Adolescent and Childhood Trauma, Winnipeg, Canada.
Inj Prev. 1999 Sep;5(3):217-25. doi: 10.1136/ip.5.3.217.
To evaluate and summarize the house fire injury prevention literature.
MEDLINE (1983 to March 1997) was searched by keyword: fire, burn, etiology, cause, prevention, epidemiology, and smoke detector/alarm. ERIC (1966 to March 1997) and PSYCLIT (1974 to June 1997) were searched by keyword: as above, and safety, skills, education, and training. Other sources included references of retrieved publications, review articles, and books; Injury Prevention hand search; government documents; and internet sources. Sources relevant to residential fire injury prevention were selected, evaluated, and summarized.
Forty three publications were selected for review, including seven randomized controlled trials, nine quasiexperiments, two natural experiments, 21 prospective cohort studies, two cross sectional surveys, one case report, and one program evaluation. These studies examined the following types of interventions: school (9), preschool (1), and community based educational programs (5); fire response training programs for children (7), blind adolescents (2), and mentally retarded adults (5) and children (1); office based counseling (4); home inspection programs (3); smoke detector giveaway campaigns (5); and smoke detector legislation (1).
This review of house fire prevention interventions underscores the importance of program evaluation. There is a need for more rigorous evaluation of educational programs, particularly those targeted at schools. An evidence based, coordinated approach to house fire injury prevention is critical, given current financial constraints and the potential for program overload for communities and schools.
评估并总结家庭火灾伤害预防方面的文献。
通过关键词“火灾、烧伤、病因、起因、预防、流行病学、烟雾探测器/报警器”检索MEDLINE（1983年至1997年3月）。通过关键词“如上述内容，以及安全、技能、教育和培训”检索教育资源信息中心（ERIC，1966年至1997年3月）和心理学文摘数据库（PSYCLIT，1974年至1997年6月）。其他来源包括检索到的出版物的参考文献、综述文章和书籍；《伤害预防》的手工检索；政府文件；以及互联网资源。选取、评估并总结与住宅火灾伤害预防相关的来源。
选取43篇出版物进行综述，包括7项随机对照试验、9项准实验、2项自然实验、21项前瞻性队列研究、2项横断面调查、1例病例报告和1项项目评估。这些研究考察了以下几种类型的干预措施：学校（9项）、学前教育（1项）和社区教育项目（5项）；针对儿童（7项）、盲青少年（2项）以及智力障碍成年人（5项）和儿童（1项）的火灾应对培训项目；办公室咨询（4项）；家庭检查项目（3项）；烟雾探测器赠送活动（5项）；以及烟雾探测器立法（1项）。
本次对家庭火灾预防干预措施的综述强调了项目评估的重要性。需要对教育项目进行更严格的评估，尤其是针对学校的项目。鉴于当前的资金限制以及社区和学校可能出现的项目负担过重情况，采用基于证据的、协调一致的方法来预防家庭火灾伤害至关重要。
