Houghton S, Douglas G, West J, Whiting K, Wall M, Langsford S, Powell L, Carroll A
Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
J Child Neurol. 1999 Dec;14(12):801-5. doi: 10.1177/088307389901401206.
The present investigation examined differential patterns in executive functions of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; no diagnosed comorbid disorders) according to subtype and gender, and identified instrumentation sensitive to executive function in children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD. Data were obtained from 94 children diagnosed with ADHD (predominantly inattentive, n = 32, ADHD combined, n = 62), and from 28 controls. Participants with ADHD, who were unmedicated at the time of testing, were administered five tests of executive function (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Stroop Color-Word Test, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, the Trail Making Test, and the Tower of London). A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance with age as the covariate and subtype and gender as the independent variables was conducted on all of the tests administered. While children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and those with ADHD combined differed from controls, it was only the latter subtype that differed significantly in perseveration and response inhibition. The absence of diagnosed comorbidity in the children with ADHD at the time of test administration demonstrates that the impairments in executive function are clearly located in ADHD, particularly in the ADHD combined subtype, thus providing support for Barkley's proposed unifying theory of ADHD.
本研究根据亚型和性别，对患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD；未诊断出共病障碍）的儿童的执行功能差异模式进行了研究，并确定了对6至12岁患有ADHD的儿童执行功能敏感的测试方法。数据来自94名被诊断为ADHD的儿童（主要为注意力不集中型，n = 32；ADHD混合型，n = 62）以及28名对照组儿童。对测试时未用药的ADHD参与者进行了五项执行功能测试（威斯康星卡片分类测试、斯特鲁普颜色-文字测试、匹配熟悉图形测试、连线测验和伦敦塔测验）。对所有进行的测试进行了以年龄为协变量、亚型和性别为自变量的双向多变量协方差分析。虽然主要为注意力不集中型的ADHD儿童和ADHD混合型儿童与对照组存在差异，但只有后者在持续性和反应抑制方面存在显著差异。在测试时，ADHD儿童未被诊断出共病，这表明执行功能的损害明显存在于ADHD中，尤其是在ADHD混合型亚型中，从而为巴克利提出的ADHD统一理论提供了支持。
