Midanik L T, Greenfield T K
University of California at Berkeley, School of Social Welfare, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2000 Jan;90(1):53-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.1.53.
Given the decline in alcohol use in the United States since the 1980s, the purpose of this study was to assess shifts in self-reported social consequences of alcohol use (and 5 consequences subscales) and dependence symptoms from 1984 to 1995.
This study used data from 3 national alcohol surveys based on household probability samples of current drinkers (adults) in 1984, 1990, and 1995; samples sizes were 1503, 1338, and 1417, respectively.
Overall, few changes in prevalence of social consequences or dependence symptoms were found. Significantly lower prevalence rates of 2 consequences subscales (accidents/legal problems and work problems) were reported between 1984 and 1990, but prevalence rates did not change for any of the scales from 1990 to 1995.
This stability in alcohol-related outcomes despite reductions in alcohol consumption may be a result of cultural shifts in which problem amplification occurs in "drier" historical periods. Furthermore, rates of alcohol-related problems may be approaching their lowest limit and may not be readily influenced by any additional decreases in alcohol consumption.
鉴于自20世纪80年代以来美国酒精使用量呈下降趋势，本研究旨在评估1984年至1995年期间自我报告的酒精使用社会后果（以及5个后果子量表）和依赖症状的变化情况。
本研究使用了来自3次全国酒精调查的数据，这些数据基于1984年、1990年和1995年当前饮酒者（成年人）的家庭概率样本；样本量分别为1503、1338和1417。
总体而言，未发现社会后果或依赖症状的患病率有显著变化。1984年至1990年期间，报告的2个后果子量表（事故/法律问题和工作问题）的患病率显著降低，但从1990年到1995年，任何量表的患病率均未发生变化。
尽管酒精消费量有所减少，但与酒精相关的结果却保持稳定，这可能是文化转变的结果，即在“更禁酒”的历史时期会出现问题放大现象。此外，与酒精相关问题的发生率可能已接近其最低限度，可能不会因酒精消费量的进一步减少而轻易受到影响。
